| 1. |
- Hogberg, L, et al.
(författare)
-
Penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Sweden 1997-2003: Increased multiresistance despite stable prevalence and decreased antibiotic use
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Microbial Drug Resistance. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1076-6294 .- 1931-8448. ; 12:1, s. 16-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial resistance patterns and capsular groups of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRP; MIC penicillin G >= 0.5 mg/ml) in Sweden between 1997 and 2003 were described, and trends in resistance and antibiotic sales during the same period were compared. The most common serogroups were in descending order 9, 19, 14, 23, and 6. Despite a low and stable annual PRP rate (proportion of PRP out of all pneumococci) of around 2% during the study period, the proportion of PRP resistant to other antibiotics increased. Of all tested PRP isolates, 82% were also resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 32% had additional resistance to tetracycline, and 26% to erythromycin. Antibiotic sales figures for all studied antibiotic subgroups decreased during the same period. Little correlation was found between antibiotic sales and PRP resistance rates, indicating that there are still other poorly defined factors contributing to the reported resistance levels in the population. However, although PRP strains in Sweden are becoming more commonly resistant to antibiotics other than beta-lactams, the low and further reduced antibiotic sales still might have delayed the development and rapid spread of PRP in the population.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Askling, HH, et al.
(författare)
-
Malaria risk in travelers
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Emerging infectious diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 11:3, s. 436-441
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Askling, HH, et al.
(författare)
-
Travellers returning to Sweden with falciparum malaria: Pre-travel advice, behaviour, chemoprophylaxis and diagnostic delay
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 37:10, s. 760-765
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated pre-travel advice, behaviour, chemoprophylaxis and diagnostic delay in travellers returning to Sweden with falciparum malaria. Questionnaires were distributed to patients having been notified with falciparum malaria from 1994 to 2001. Of 408 notified patients, 237 (58%) returned the questionnaires; 62% were males and 43% above the age of 45 y. Africa was the travel destination in 90% of the cases, and 27% had travelled to Kenya. 69% had spent more than 1 night in the countryside, and 6% had stayed in modern urban areas only. 40% took an adequate dose of chemoprophylaxis, although this proportion decreased from 55% to 12% during the study period. Nine per cent used both bed nets and mosquito repellents regularly. The median time from onset of symptoms to contact with health care professionals was 2 d, and from that contact to start of malaria treatment the median time was less than 24 h.
|
|
| 6. |
- Coulombier, D, et al.
(författare)
-
H5N1 influenza and the implications for Europe
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMJ (Clinical research ed.). - : BMJ. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138 .- 1468-5833. ; 331:7514, s. 413-414
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Earnshaw, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
-
European Antibiotic Awareness Day, 2008 - the first Europe-wide public information campaign on prudent antibiotic use : methods and survey of activities in participating countries
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Euro surveillance : bulletin européen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin. - 1025-496X. ; 14:30, s. 19280-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotic resistance is a major European and global public health problem and is, for a large part, driven by misuse of antibiotics. Hence, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, particularly for the treatment of certain respiratory tract infections where they are not needed, is a public health priority. The success of national awareness campaigns to educate the public and primary care prescribers about appropriate antibiotic use in Belgium and France stimulated a European initiative coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and named European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD), to take place each year on 18 November. Specific campaign materials, including key messages, logos, slogans and a media toolkit, were developed and made available for use in European countries. The focus of the first EAAD campaign was about not taking antibiotics for viral infections such as colds and flu. A post-campaign survey was conducted in January 2009. Thirty-two European countries participated in the first EAAD, producing information materials and implementing activities to mark EAAD. Media coverage peaked on 18 and 19 November. At EU level, EAAD was launched at a scientific meeting in the European Parliament, Strasbourg. The event received EU political engagement through support from the EU Commissioner for Health, the Slovenian and French EU Presidencies, and Members of the European Parliament. Critical factors that led to the success of the first EAAD were good cooperation and process for building the campaign, strong political and stakeholder support and development of campaign materials based on scientific evidence. Countries indicated wide support for another EAAD in 2009. For this purpose, ECDC is developing several TV spots as well as a second set of EAAD campaign materials targeting primary care prescribers.
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekdahl, K., et al.
(författare)
-
Could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2334. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. Known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases. Discussion: We put forward the hypothesis that flies play a more important role in the transmission of the bacteria, than has previously been recognized. Factors supporting this hypothesis are: 1) the low infective dose of Campylobacter, 2) the ability of flies to function as mechanical vectors, 3) a ubiquitous presence of the bacteria in the environment, 4) a seasonality of the disease with summer peaks in temperate regions and a more evenly distribution over the year in the tropics, 5) an age pattern for campylobacteriosis in western travellers to the tropics suggesting other routes of transmission than food or water, and finally 6) very few family clusters. Summary: All the evidence in favour of the fly hypothesis is circumstantial and there may be alternative explanations to each of the findings supporting the hypothesis. However, in the absence of alternative explanations that could give better clues to the evasive epidemiology of Campylobacter infection, we believe it would be unwise to rule out flies as important mechanical vectors also of this disease. © 2005 Ekdahl et al, licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
