| 1. |
- Noterdaeme, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Heating, current drive and energetic particle studies on JET in preparation of ITER operation
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 43:3, s. 202-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper summarizes the recent work on JET in the three areas of heating, current drive and energetic particles. The achievements have extended the possibilities of JET, have a direct connection to ITER operation and provide new and interesting physics. Toroidal rotation profiles of plasmas heated far off axis with little or no refuelling or momentum input are hollow with only small differences on whether the power deposition is located on the low field side or on the high field side. With LH current drive the magnetic shear was varied from slightly positive to negative. The improved coupling (through the use of plasma shaping and CD4) allowed up to 3.4 MW of PLH in internal transport barrier (ITB) plasmas with more than 15 MW of combined NBI and ICRF heating. The q-profile with negative magnetic shear and the ITB could be maintained for the duration of the high heating pulse (8 s). Fast ions have been produced in JET with ICRF to simulate alpha particles: by using third harmonic He-4 heating, beam injected He-4 at 120 kV were accelerated to energies above 2 MeV taking advantage of the unique capability of JET to use NBI with 4 He and to confine MeV class ions. ICRF heating was used to replicate the dynamics of alpha heating and the control of an equivalent Q = 10 `burn' was simulated.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsten, A, et al.
(författare)
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Antidepressant medication and suicide in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 10:6, s. 525-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore a possible temporal association between changes in antidepressant sales and suicide rates in different age groups. METHODS: A time series analysis using a two-slope model to compare suicide rates in Sweden before and after introduction of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs. RESULTS: Antidepressant sales increased between 1977-1979 and 1995-1997 in men from 4.2 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants and day (DDD/t.i.d) to 21.8 and in women from 8.8 to 42.4. Antidepressant sales were twice as high in the elderly as in the 25-44-year-olds and eight times that in the 15-24-year-olds. During the same time period suicide rates decreased in men from 48.2 to 33.3 per 10(5) inhabitants/year and in women from 20.3 to 13.4. There was significant change in the slope in suicide rates after the introduction of the SSRI, for both men and women, which corresponds to approximately 348 fewer suicides during 1990-1997. Half of these 'saved lives' occurred among young adults. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate a statistically significant change in slope in suicide rates in men and women that coincided with the introduction of the SSRI antidepressants in Sweden. This change preceded the exponential increase in antidepressant sales.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Linnarsson, M K, et al.
(författare)
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Metal-contact enhanced incorporation of deuterium in 4H-and 6H-SiC
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 338-3, s. 937-940, s. 937-940
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deuterium was introduced in p-type SiC from a gas ambient. The samples were partially coated with 200 Angstrom thick metal layer of titanium, nickel, platinum or gold. Heat treatments were performed in the temperature range 500-800 degreesC during 4 h. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to measure the deuterium content after deuterium exposure. The catalytic metal coating is shown to play an important role for introducing deuterium into SiC. Nickel and platinum facilitate hydrogen incorporation in p-type SiC, which may be due to an increased hydrogen concentration at the metal/SiC interface and/or an increase the H+ ions to H ratio. No in-diffusion of deuterium is observed using titanium although large quantities of deuterium are stored in the titanium film. Furthermore, gold reveals an inert character and does not promote in-diffusion of deuterium.
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| 6. |
- Lloyd-Spets, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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SiC based field effect gas sensors for industrial applications
- 2001
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. A, Applied research. - 0031-8965 .- 1521-396X. ; 185:1, s. 15-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and field-testing of high-temperature sensors based on silicon carbide devices have shown promising results in several application areas. Silicon carbide based field-effect sensors can be operated over a large temperature range, 100-600 degreesC, and since silicon carbide is a chemically very inert material these sensors can be used in environments like exhaust gases and flue gases from boilers. The sensors respond to reducing gases like hydrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The use of different temperatures, different catalytic metals and different structures of the gate metal gives selectivity to different gases and arrays of sensors can be used to identify and monitor several components in gas mixtures. MOSFET sensors based on SIC combine the advantage of simple circuitry with a thicker insulator, which increases the long term stability of the devices. In this paper we describe silicon carbide MOSFET sensors and their performance and give: examples of industrial applications such as monitoring of car exhausts and flue gases. Chemometric methods have been used for the evaluation of the data.
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| 7. |
- Nielsen, A.T., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen production from organic waste
- 2001
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 26:6, s. 547-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extraction of pure hydrogen from the fermentation of household waste by a mixed anaerobic bacterial flora is demonstrated. Simulated household waste (600 g) was fermented in a bioreactor, which was continuously sparged with nitrogen (30 ml/min) fed in from the bottom. The gas stream from the biorector passes through a sulphide trap (ZnO) and then through a heated palladium-silver membrane reactor to separate hydrogen from the gas stream. In this way, waste remediation and biological hydrogen production is combined in a process where a large proportion of the hydrogen produced can be collected, free of other gaseous species from the fermentation. © 2001 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.
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| 8. |
- Savage, S, et al.
(författare)
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SiC based gas sensors and their applications
- 2000
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 353-3, s. 747-752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and field-testing of hardy high-temperature sensors based on silicon carbide devices has to date shown promising results in several application areas. As the need to take care of the environment becomes more urgent, these small and relatively cheap sensors could be used to increase the monitoring of gases, or to replace or complement larger and more expensive sensor technologies used today. In this paper the development of Silicon Carbide MOSFET transistor sensors and Schottky diode sensors is described. The devices are tested in industrial applications such as monitoring of car exhausts and flue gases.
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