| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Rohrmann, S., et al.
(författare)
-
The association of education with long-term weight change in the EPIC-PANACEA cohort
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 66:8, s. 957-963
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cross-sectionally, educational attainment is strongly associated with the prevalence of obesity, but this association is less clear for weight change during adult life. The objective of this study is to examine the association between educational attainment and weight change during adult life in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). SUBJECTS/METHODS: EPIC is a cohort study with 361 467 participants and up to 10 years of follow-up. Educational attainment was categorized according to the highest obtained school level (primary school or less, vocational secondary training, other secondary education and university). Multivariate mixed-effects linear regression models were used to study education in relation to weight at age 20 years (self-reported), to annual change in weight between age 20 years and measured weight at recruitment, and to annual change in weight during follow-up time. RESULTS: Higher educational attainment was associated with on average a lower body mass index (BMI) at age 20 years and a lower increase in weight up to recruitment (highest vs lowest educational attainment in men: -60 g per year (95% confidence interval (CI) -80; -40), women -110 g per year (95% CI -130; -80)). Although during follow-up after recruitment an increase in body weight was observed in all educational levels, gain was lowest in men and women with a university degree (high vs low education -120 g per year (95% CI -150; -90) and -70 g per year (95% CI -90; -60), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Existing differences in BMI between higher and lower educated individuals at early adulthood became more pronounced during lifetime, which possibly impacts on obesity-related chronic disease risk in persons with lower educational attainment.
|
|
| 5. |
- Cazzola, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Onset of action of formoterol versus salmeterol via dry powder inhalers in moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical Drug Investigation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1173-2563 .- 1179-1918. ; 32:3, s. 147-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Bronchodilator therapy is central to the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and treatment with short-acting bronchodilators is recommended in patients with mild COPD. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the onset of effect of single-dose formoterol 9 μg versus single-dose salmeterol 50 μg in patients with moderate COPD. Methods: In this multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, three-way single-dose crossover study, patients ≥40 years of age with moderate COPD were randomized to single-dose formoterol 9 μg via Turbuhaler® plus placebo via Diskus®, single-dose salmeterol 50 μg via Diskus® plus placebo via Turbuhaler® or placebo via Turbuhaler® and Diskus® (washout period 2-7 days). Terbutaline 0.5mg/actuation via Turbuhaler® was used as reliever medication throughout. The primary endpoint was forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1) at 5 minutes post-dose. Secondary endpoints included proportion of patients achieving ≥12%increase in FEV1 at 5 minutes post-dose. Results: 109 patients were randomized, and 108 completed the study. The increase in FEV1 5 minutes post-dose versus pre-dose was 7.2% for formoterol, 4.1% for salmeterol and 0.7% for placebo, and significantly greater for formoterol versus salmeterol (ratio of treatment effects: 1.030; 95% CI 1.008, 1.052; p = 0.009), for formoterol versus placebo (1.064, 95% CI 1.041, 1.087; p < 0.001) and for salmeterol versus placebo (1.033, 95% CI 1.011, 1.056; p = 0.003). The proportions of patients with ≥12% increase in FEV 1 5 minutes post-dose were 23.1%, 9.2%and 6.4%for formoterol, salmeterol and placebo, respectively; this was statistically significantly larger after formoterol than salmeterol (p = 0.008) or placebo (p < 0.001). All treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion: In COPD patients, formoterol 9 μg has an onset of bronchodilatory effect that is more rapid than salmeterol 50 μg based on FEV 1 at 5minutes post-dose. © 2012 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Ekelund, Bo G, 1959-
(författare)
-
The Anglophone Caribbean
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Postcolonial Texts and Events. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144070698 ; , s. 157-198
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ekelund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Gastroesophageal Reflux after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty is Alleviated by Conversion to Gastric Bypass.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Obesity Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1708-0428 .- 0960-8923. ; 22:6, s. 851-854
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Conversion operations after vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) are sometimes performed because of vomiting and/or acid regurgitation. Primary operation with gastric bypass (GBP) is known to reduce gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Previous studies have not been designed to differentiate between the effects of the altered anatomy and of the ensuing weight loss. No series has reported data on acid reflux before and after conversion from VBG to GBP. METHODS: We invited eight VBG patients with current symptoms of GERD. All had intact staple lines as assessed by barium meal and gastroscopy. Acid reflux was quantified using 48-h Bravo capsule measurements. Conversion operations were performed creating an isolated 15-20-ml pouch; the previously banded part of gastric wall was excised. Gastrojejunostomy was made end to end with a 28-mm circular stapler. The study is based on five patients consenting to early postoperative endoscopy and pH measurement. RESULTS: All patients were women with a mean age of 49.5 years and BMI of 36.3. Time since VBG was 132.1 months. Time from conversion to second measurement was 46.6 days and BMI at that time 32.7. There was no mortality and no serious morbidity. All patients improved clinically and no patient had to go back on proton pump inhibition or antacids. Total time with pH < 4.0 was reduced from 18.4% to 3.3% (p < 0.05). DeMeester score was reduced from 58.1 to 15.9 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of converting VBG-operated patients to GBP results in a near-normalisation of acid reflux parameters and a discontinuation of proton pump inhibitor medication.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ekelund, U., et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity reduces the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in general and in abdominally lean and obese men and women : the EPIC-InterAct Study
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 55:7, s. 1944-1952
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the independent and combined associations of physical activity and obesity with incident type 2 diabetes in men and women. The InterAct case-cohort study consists of 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes cases and a randomly selected subcohort of 16,154 individuals, drawn from a total cohort of 340,234 participants with 3.99 million person-years of follow-up. Physical activity was assessed by a four-category index. Obesity was measured by BMI and waist circumference (WC). Associations between physical activity, obesity and case-ascertained incident type 2 diabetes were analysed by Cox regression after adjusting for educational level, smoking status, alcohol consumption and energy intake. In combined analyses, individuals were stratified according to physical activity level, BMI and WC. A one-category difference in physical activity (equivalent to approximately 460 and 365 kJ/day in men and women, respectively) was independently associated with a 13% (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.94) and 7% (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89, 0.98) relative reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women, respectively. Lower levels of physical activity were associated with an increased risk of diabetes across all strata of BMI. Comparing inactive with active individuals, the HRs were 1.44 (95% CI 1.11, 1.87) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.17, 1.62) in abdominally lean and obese inactive men, respectively, and 1.57 (95% CI 1.19, 2.07) and 1.19 (95% CI 1.01, 1.39) in abdominally lean and obese inactive women, respectively. Physical activity is associated with a reduction in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes across BMI categories in men and women, as well as in abdominally lean and obese men and women.
|
|
