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| 2. |
- Abdel-Fattah, Dina, et al.
(författare)
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Application of a structured decision-making process in cryospheric hazard planning : Case study of Bering Glacier surges on local state planning in Alaska
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. - 1057-9214 .- 1099-1360. ; 31:1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surging glaciers are glaciers that experience rapidly accelerated glacier flow over a comparatively short period of time. Though relatively rare worldwide, Alaska is home to the largest number of surge-type glaciers globally. However, their impact on the broader socioecological system in the state is both poorly understood and under-researched, which poses a challenge in developing appropriate sustainability decisions in Alaska. We investigated how the surge patterns of the Bering Glacier in Alaska have potentially devastating effects on the local ecological biodiversity of its watershed via a structured decision-making analysis of the different possible consequences. Specifically, this analysis was conducted to explore the various outcomes of a Bering Glacier surge particularly if humans have an increased presence near the glacier due to the area potentially becoming a state park. This work explored the benefits of applying a risk and decision analytical framework in a cryosphere context, to better understand the socioeconomic impact of glacier surges. This is a novel approach in which a decision analysis tool was used to better understand an environmental sustainability challenge, offering an innovative method to support the achievement of the United Nations Sustainability Development Goals in Alaska. We therefore emphasise the need for integrated biophysical and socioeconomic analyses when it comes to understanding glacier hazards. Our research highlights the importance of understanding and researching biophysical changes as well as using a structured decision-making process for complicated hazard planning scenarios, exemplified via glaciated regions in Alaska, in order to create adaptation strategies that are sustainable and encompass the range of possible outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Araújo, Marco, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Criteria Approach to Decision Making in Broadband Technology Selection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Group Decision and Negotiation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0926-2644 .- 1572-9907. ; 31:2, s. 387-418
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new European Union regulatory framework for the telecom sector has been under a process of transposition to national laws by its member states that should have been completed by the end of 2020, notwithstanding some delays. A core purpose of the regulatory framework is to guarantee that most citizens will have access to very fast Internet connections, capable of 100 Mbps download link speed, regardless of where they live. According to this new framework, in areas where the market does not deliver, governments are to launch public tenders for the deployment, maintenance, and operations of network infrastructure as well as services, and public funds should be used to support the deployment of these broadband networks in less densely populated areas. Needless to say, public tenders of this nature are subject to different criteria when it comes to candidate evaluation. In this paper, we present a decision model for the selection of operators to deploy and maintain broadband networks in scarcely populated areas, taking into consideration infrastructure costs, the technical quality offered by the solutions, and the credibility of the candidates. We suggest an integrated multi-stakeholder multi-criteria approach and demonstrate how it can be used in this complex area and find that in the example provided, taking a relevant set of criteria into the analysis, optical fibre networks hold much higher chances to be used in these public tenders compared to networks based on the broadly favoured 5G technology.
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| 4. |
- Araújo, Marco, 1982-
(författare)
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Infrastructure deployment in unprofitable areas : A techno-economic model for multiple criteria decision analysis under the European Union telecommunications regulatory framework
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the European Union significant asymmetries prevail among member states in the most diverse areas. The telecom sector is no exception to this, with some members being much more advanced than others. Within the member states asymmetries also occur. And if we extrapolate this to a broader audience, for example the OECD, the European Union has been far away from some other members in what concerns asymmetries within own countries, with Japan and South Korea being the most evident. In 2016 the European Commission proposed a new regulatory framework for the telecom sector which was adopted in late 2018 by the European Parliament and must be transposed to national laws by member-states by late 2020. As we move towards the digital revolution, the so-called industry 4.0, the new EU regulatory framework has the aim of removing most of these asymmetries, by guaranteeing that most citizens will have access to a very fast Internet connection regardless of where they live. This regulatory framework provides some guidance and goals and funding objectives, but for operators and governments this is just not sufficient per se. Against this background, the overall research issue of this thesis is a methodological approach to how to determine the best access technology from a multi-criteria and multi-stakeholder perspective. In particular, to provide coverage in a certain region who lacks service a priori (therefore unprofitable by nature), problematics to be addressed include: i) what are exactly the new regulatory framework guidelines; ii) which strategic operational model to use; iii) what is the most appropriate technology to achieve these objectives; iv) how to handle the pricing incognita and all the financial component; v) how risky it is to make these objectives a reality.
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| 5. |
- Borking, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Transcending Business Intelligence
- 2022. - Third
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det största problemet med mänskligt beslutsfattande är att intuitionen sällan är tillräcklig. I många fall är det helt enkelt för svårt att fatta rationella och väl övervägda beslut utan hjälp. Ett ännu större problem är att de flesta inte inser detta. Människor tror att de är rationella men i själva verket är deras förmåga till rationalitet ganska begränsad, en situation som förvärras av villfarelsen att vi utan någon form av hjälp kan fatta kloka beslut. Man kan tycka att organisationer och människor bara ska gå vidare med saker och ting så bra de kan och lämna det där, men det är ofta så att beslut påverkar andra människor, ibland ganska mycket, ibland avgörande, och i vissa fall påverkar de många. andra människor eller organismer, födda och ofödda. Det gäller till exempel offentliga beslut om policys, inte minst under covid-19-pandemin, och om storskaliga infrastrukturprojekt. Inte ovanligt får vi intrycket av ett oacceptabelt stort inslag av slump, även i mycket kostsamma eller kontroversiella frågor. Detta är ganska onödigt.
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| 6. |
- Cöster, Mathias, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Transformation : Understanding Business Goals, Risks, Processes, and Decisions
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Även om digitalisering är långt ifrån ett nytt koncept, antar många att det räcker med att bara införa automation och informationssystem i olika former för att effektivisera deras organisations verksamhet. Denna missuppfattning kan ofta leda till oordning och kostsamma misstag. Digital transformation: Att förstå affärsmål, risker, processer och beslut visar hur man undviker sådana problem genom att noggrant överväga vad ett företag verkligen behöver.Till skillnad från många andra böcker om digital transformation, uppehåller sig författarna inte vid databasdesign eller detaljerna för att implementera informationssystem. Istället betonar de vikten av en tydlig förståelse för alla aspekter av en organisation för att effektivt kunna implementera och hantera digitala system, från affärsmål och strategier till att strukturera information och fatta beslut, riskbedömningar, projektledning, organisera och upphandla tjänster och Produkter.Den här boken är organiserad i elva kapitel och bygger på exempel från hela världen och kommer att vara av intresse för universitetsstudenter inom företagsekonomi, management, informationssystem och datavetenskap, såväl som praktiker som vill bättre förstå hur man hanterar digital transformation i sin egen organisation.
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| 7. |
- Cöster, Mathias, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Organisations, Processes, Decisions : Strategies for a Digitised Century
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amazingly, many still believe that introducing automation and information systems in various forms is enough to make their operations more efficient. The outcomes of such actions often become very costly. One reason for this misconception is that the technical design is a sidetrack in the context of an organisation. Instead, the real issue is understanding your goals and your organisation. This book is about taking advantage of the opportunities that the now rather mature digitisation offers in a world of abundance of data. The book goes through digitisation based on what an organisation really is and what it needs. We describe how to understand its goals, develop its strategies, and shape its business models. We describe in detail how to achieve this by developing organisations, processes, decisions, configurations, and project implementations.We address everyone who wants to understand how organisations should handle, and seriously take advantage of, the risky gold mining that digitisation actually is.The authors have numerous years of experience as researchers, lecturers and consultants in the field.The world is more unpredictable than ever. Digitisation, which in principle affects everything that surrounds us, has during the last half-century strongly contributed to this unpredictability. It has enabled a global trade that incorporates more and more people, organisations, and states. It has enabled a larger international labour market than anyone could foresee. It has made possible a tremendous rationalisation of social functions and tasks. It has enabled a huge flow of information in all sectors of society. And it has enabled some sort of organisation of all this. Numerous human beings, for good and bad, have had to dramatically change their lives. Digitisation has thus created a wave of both problems and opportunities. This development has fantastic advantages, but there is every reason to consider the entire thing with some scepticism. Nevertheless, this is where we are, so let us shape the future so that it suits us.However, to be able to shape something at all, we need to know what we want. This applies to both individuals and organisations. First and foremost, it must be clear to us where we want to go, what we want to achieve (what goals we have), and how we will get there (which strategy we choose and the decisions we make). This may seem simple, but it is not. Building a vision and a goal in a complex environment and understanding how to realise them is difficult. Nevertheless, the need for clear preferences is often underestimated and clear preferences are rarely spelled out. At the same time, digitisation provides better conditions for success than ever – if we understand how to use it.Amazingly, many still believe that introducing automation and information systems in various forms is enough to make their operations more efficient. The outcomes of such actions often become very costly. One reason for this misconception is that the technical design is a sidetrack in the context of an organisation. Instead, the real issue is understanding your goals and your organisation.You need to understand how people and parts of the organisation should interact to achieve clear and instrumental goalsYou need to understand the different processes in the organisationYou must understand how to assess risks and opportunitiesYou have to understand how to make decisionsIf you take this as a point of departure, there are good opportunities to build an adequate IT business to support the organisation's processes and functions. This book therefore differs from a typical book on IT strategies. It is not about the details of implementing different types of information systems. Nor does it handle database design and data excerpts. You can easily find that elsewhere. Many of the technical details are also becoming increasingly obsolete as information system development becomes less and less computer-related and readily available modular products basically satisfy all our needs, as long as we know what we want.A meaningful book on IT strategies must therefore be about something completely different, something more fundamental. Thus, this book is about taking advantage of the opportunities that the now rather mature digitisation offers in a world of abundance of data – and sometimes even a lack of relevant data. It is about understanding your goals and strategies and how business utility relates to your activities. It is about how to structure information and how to make decisions. It is about risk assessments and uncertainty. It is about project portfolios and project management. It is about organising resources and capacities. And it is about how to purchase services and products in our increasingly distributed world.The book therefore goes through digitisation based on what an organisation really is and what it needs. We describe how to understand its goals, develop its strategies, and shape its business models.Theories are often good for understanding reality, but equally often it is difficult to understand how to actually use them in practical activities. Therefore, we also describe in detail how to achieve this by developing organisations, processes, decisions, configurations, and project implementations.The book is particularly suitable for courses in business administration and industrial economics and management as well as computer and systems science. But we really address everyone who wants to understand how organisations should handle, and seriously take advantage of, the risky gold mining that digitisation actually is.
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| 8. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Decision Tool for the Water-Energy Nexus in Jordan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Knowledge Innovation Through Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools and Techniques. - : IOS Press. - 9781643681146 - 9781643681153 ; , s. 294-302
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jordan is currently facing a serious problem of water scarcity. It is the fourth water-scarce country in the world. The sustainability of water supply in Jordan is affected not only by the depletion of water reserves but also by increasing electricity tariffs. In this paper, we present some results regarding the water-energy nexus governance in Jordan using a computer-supported co-creative approach for evaluating stakeholder preferences on criteria and possible scenarios of development for the sectors. We describe a decision support tool and a methodology for evaluating stakeholder preferences for both sectors and on possible scenarios of development for the water and energy sectors. We rank possible energy and water futures ranked under a set of sector-relevant criteria while considering entire ranges of possible alternative values and criteria weights. Using second-order probabilistic considerations, we furthermore analyse how plausible it is that a scenario outranks the others.
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| 9. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Framework for Categorising and Evaluating Tools for E-democracy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of e-Government. - 1479-439X. ; 18:1, s. 69-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The design of tools and interfaces for e-democracy systems takes place in a highly multidisciplinary context. However, the inter-contextual understanding of democracy is still immature. This article presents a framework suitable for evaluating tools for e-democracy. The framework has been developed based on earlier theories and frameworks and then further evaluated against two test cases: Twitter and BottenAda. The evaluation model builds on the inclusion of different views of e-democracy, not seeing them as conflicting per se but rather making it possible for e-democracy tool users and developers to understand the varying degree of support a tool can display for several aspects of democracy. The model also provides a visualization of complex theories and can thus contribute to a more informed discussion on what types of democratic values are being supported in a particular e-democracy tool.
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| 10. |
- Danielson, Mats, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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A Multi-Criteria Approach to Analysing E-Democracy Support Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Facebook Nation. - New York, NY : Springer. - 9781071618660 - 9781071618677 ; , s. 299-328
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ny informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) har gjort den offentliga sfären mer mångfaldig och fragmenterad, och följaktligen kräver den en ny typ av läskunnighet att navigera. Den interkontextuella förståelsen av demokrati är dock fortfarande omogen, vilket gör det ibland svårt att ha en mer sammanhållen syn på de olika begreppen och idéerna som är involverade. Inte heller är det mer begränsade begreppet e-demokrati okomplicerat och utformningen av verktyg och gränssnitt för e-demokratisystem sker i ett mycket multidisciplinärt sammanhang, samtidigt som det fortfarande finns behov av några gemensamma idéer om vad demokrati faktiskt innebär, även i detta nytt sammanhang. I det här kapitlet föreslår vi ett allmänt ramverk för att utvärdera verktyg för e-demokrati och föreslår några icke-uttömmande kriterier under vilka sådana verktyg kan utvärderas. Ramverket är avsett att göra det möjligt för användare och utvecklare att förstå den varierande grad av stöd ett verktyg kan ge för flera aspekter av demokrati, och innehåller en rankningsmekanism samt ett förslag på ett rankningsbaserat index baserat på olika kriterier och prestanda för ett verktyg under dessa, samtidigt som det fortfarande är inkluderande vad gäller olika möjliga uppfattningar om begreppet e-demokrati och dess olika former.
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