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| 2. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipation in Swedish families with schizophrenia.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Genetics. - 0955-8829 .- 1473-5873. ; 5:4, s. 181-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nineteen parent-offspring pairs obtained from 14 two-generation families with available medical records and diagnosis of schizophrenia were studied to compare the ages of onset of the parent generation with those of the offspring generation. The mean age of onset for the parent generation was 37.3 +/- 6.0 years and for the offspring generation was 20.8 +/- 4.4. The mean difference was thus 16.5 +/- 6.2, suggesting the occurrence of anticipation in schizophrenia (p < 0.001). Although some ascertainment biases (like reduced fertility in early-onset parents or early detection of symptoms in offsprings of affected parents) may partially contribute to the occurrence of anticipation, this study replicates recent reports of anticipation in several neuropsychiatric disorders, some of which have been shown to be associated with unstable expansions of trinucleotide repeats in the genomic DNA.
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| 3. |
- Ekholm, S, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in MR imaging of the central nervous system
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 37:2, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This Swedish multicenter trial was performed on patients with known or suspected lesions of the CNS for which an MR examination using a contrast medium was indicated. A total of 8 MR centers participated in the study to establish the safety and efficacy of Omniscan (gadodiamide injection) in clinical routine using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg b.w. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven hundred adult patients who had been referred for MR investigation of suspected CNS lesions were included in the study. Since most patients were examined on an outpatient basis, it was decided to use an explicit questionnaire regarding adverse events that developed within 24 h after examination. The efficacy evaluation involved comparisons of detectability, delineation, and number of lesions before and after injection of Omniscan. RESULTS: No serious or unexpected adverse event was found. There were a total of 70 (10.2%) patients with adverse events, excluding those judged not to be contrast media-related. However, only 15 patients (2.2%) had adverse events that possibly or probably were related to the contrast medium. Usually, the symptoms were headache, dizziness, abnormal taste, and nausea. Two patients complained of itching, but only one developed urticaria. The efficacy was similar to that of other currently used Gd-based MR agents. Lesions were more often seen on T2-weighted images, but the contrast medium improved lesion delineation, contributing to higher certainty in diagnosis, and provided more confidence in excluding suspected abnormality. CONCLUSION: Omniscan was found to be a safe and clinically valuable contrast medium for MR imaging of the CNS.
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| 4. |
- Kristjánsdóttir, Ragnhildur, et al.
(författare)
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Disorders of the cerebral white matter in children. The spectrum of lesions.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 27:6, s. 295-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in the detection of an increasing number of children with an apparently leukodystrophic white matter. Laboratory tests and the clinical presentation, however, often do not correspond to any known entity and the course is sometimes not progressively deteriorating. Such children with white-matter changes and no known diagnosis were the subject of this Swedish multicentre study, in which MRI findings and clinical data from 100 children considered to have white-matter abnormalities were assessed during the period 1992-1995. At re-evaluation of MR images by an established "white-matter group" of neuroradiologists, paediatric neurologists, neurologists and neurochemists, the MRI signal of the white matter was considered normal in eleven children and eleven had mainly a grey matter affection. Of the remaining 78 children with white matter abnormalities, a diagnosis was found in 32, but in 46 children no diagnosis could be established. A progressive downhill course characterised 17, probably representing hitherto undefined types of leukodystrophies. Five children had a relapsing-remitting course, and in 11 it was difficult to establish whether the course was progressive or stationary. The disease was non-progressive in 13. This group of non-leukodystrophic white-matter changes obviously represents maldevelopments of myelin formation, thus dys- or hypomyelination rather than demyelination.
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| 6. |
- Ulfvarson, U, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental evaluation of the effect of filtration of diesel exhaust by biologic exposure indicators
- 1995
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0271-3586 .- 1097-0274. ; 27:1, s. 91-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airway resistance, compliance of the respiratory system, transfer factor, and alveolar volume of 33 healthy rabbits were studied before and after exposure to diluted diesel exhaust generated in an experimental motor. Three diesel fuels and two particle traps were tested. Subsequent to the post-exposure lung function measurements, the animals were sacrificed and the lungs were processed for morphologic examination. The concentrations of particles, nitrogen dioxide, and formaldehyde were measured. The inflammatory airway changes were most pronounced in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel. Small changes were identified in animals exposed to exhaust filtered through the catalytic trap as well or exposed to unfiltered exhaust from fuels intended for densely built-up areas. Increase in compliance of the respiratory system was associated with the concentration of soot particles and formaldehyde. Compliance decreased significantly in animals exposed to exhaust from standard fuel filtered through the particle traps and increased almost significantly in animals exposed to unfiltered exhaust from the same fuel.
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| 8. |
- Wang, C, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic efficacy of MnDPDP in MR imaging of the liver. A phase III multicentre study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 38:4, s. 643-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic efficacy, safety and tolerability of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan) in MR imaging of the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients from 4 centres underwent MR imaging with pre-contrast sequences including T1-weighted SE and GRE, and T2-weighted turbo SE sequences. MnDPDP at a dose of 5 mumol/kg b.w. was administered by slow i.v. infusion, and 20-60 min after infusion the T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences were repeated. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by counting the number of lesions and by evaluating whether more information for lesion characterisation was available in post-contrast images. Safety and tolerability were assessed by recording adverse events and infusion-related discomfort. RESULTS: Significantly more lesions were found in MnDPDP-enhanced T1-weighted SE and GRE images than in unenhanced images of the same sequences. More lesions were also found in these images compared with T2-weighted images at a level of marginal significance. More information was obtained from MnDPDP-enhanced images in 40 cases. Mild to moderate adverse events were experienced by 17% of the patients. CONCLUSION: MnDPDP-enhanced images can improve lesion detection in the liver and are helpful for lesion characterisation. To obtain optimal diagnostic information of liver lesions T2-weighted images are also valuable. MnDPDP is a safe contrast agent for MR imaging of liver lesions.
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