| 1. |
- Ekman, Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Osteochondrosis in the central and third tarsal bones of young horses
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Veterinary Pathology. - 0300-9858 .- 1544-2217. ; 61, s. 74 - 87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, the central and third tarsal bones of 23 equine fetuses and foals were examined using micro-computed tomography. Radiological changes, including incomplete ossification and focal ossification defects interpreted as osteochondrosis, were detected in 16 of 23 cases. The geometry of the osteochondrosis defects suggested they were the result of vascular failure, but this requires histological confirmation. The study aim was to examine central and third tarsal bones from the 16 cases and to describe the tissues present, cartilage canals, and lesions, including suspected osteochondrosis lesions. Cases included 9 males and 7 females from 0 to 150 days of age, comprising 11 Icelandic horses, 2 standardbred horses, 2 warmblood riding horses, and 1 coldblooded trotting horse. Until 4 days of age, all aspects of the bones were covered by growth cartilage, but from 105 days, the dorsal and plantar aspects were covered by fibrous tissue undergoing intramembranous ossification. Cartilage canal vessels gradually decreased but were present in most cases up to 122 days and were absent in the next available case at 150 days. Radiological osteochondrosis defects were confirmed in histological sections from 3 cases and consisted of necrotic vessels surrounded by ischemic chondronecrosis (articular osteochondrosis) and areas of retained, morphologically viable hypertrophic chondrocytes (physeal osteochondrosis). The central and third tarsal bones formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. The blood supply to the growth cartilage of the central and third tarsal bones regressed between 122 and 150 days of age. Radiological osteochondrosis defects represented vascular failure, with chondrocyte necrosis and retention, or a combination of articular and physeal osteochondrosis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Frostadottir, Drifa, et al.
(författare)
-
Cold sensitivity, functional disability and predicting factors after a repaired digital nerve injury
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate self-reported cold sensitivity and functional disability after a repaired digital nerve injury. We identified 3204 individuals operated with digital nerve repair in the Swedish national quality registry for hand surgery (HAKIR). Patient-reported symptoms, including cold sensitivity and perceived disability, were examined using two questionnaires (HQ-8 and QuickDASH), three and 12 months postoperatively. Patients with diabetes (n = 48; 3%) were identified in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR). Cold sensitivity (scored 0–100) was the most prominent symptom among 1553 included individuals (998 men, 555 women; median age 41 [IQR 27–54] years). In the regression analysis, flexor tendon injury, hand fracture and injury to multiple structures predicted worsened cold sensitivity (6.9, 15.5 and 25.0 points; p = 0.005, 0.046 and < 0.001) at 12 months. Individuals with moderate (30–70) and severe (> 70) cold sensitivity had higher QuickDASH scores at three and 12 months postoperatively than individuals with mild cold sensitivity (6.0 and 5.5; 19.8 and 21.0 points; p = 0.001). Flexor tendon injury, injuries to multiple structures and diabetes had significant effect on QuickDASH scores at three, but not at 12, months postoperatively. Cold sensitivity is common after a digital nerve repair and impacts self-reported disability. A concomitant injury, particularly multiple injuries, predicts postoperative cold sensitivity.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hedenqvist, Patricia, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of housing environment on bone healing in a critical radius defect in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In animal studies on bone healing, the effect of housing space and physical activity are seldom taken into account. Bone formation was evaluated in New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SEM BW: 3.9 ± 0.11 kg) with a critical bone defect after 12 weeks of rehabilitation in pair-housing in 3 m2 large floor pens (Floor, n = 10) or standard single housing in 0.43 m2 cages (Cage, n = 10). In the randomised full-factorial study, a bone replica of calcium phosphate cement (CPC, n = 10) or autologous bone (AB, n = 10) was implanted in the unilateral 20 mm radius defect. Post-mortem, the oxidative capacity was measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity in M. quadriceps and the defect filling volume and density evaluated by microcomputer tomography (μ-CT). Histology sections were evaluated by subjective scoring and histomorphometry. Fourteen rabbits remained until the end of the study. Group Floor (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB) had a higher CS activity and a larger bone defect filling volume and lower density by μ-CT measurements than group Cage (n = 7; 3 CPC + 4 AB). Three out of four rabbits in AB-Floor presented fusion of the defect with reorganisation of trabecular bone, whereas three of four in AB-Cage showed areas of incomplete healing. Floor rabbits had a higher score of bony fusion between the radius and ulna than Cage rabbits. There were no differences between groups in histomorphometry. The study found that a larger housing space increased physical activity and promoted bone formation. © 2020 Hedenqvist et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Kendall, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nerve growth factor in the equine joint
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 267
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin with many functions. In humans, it is involved in inflammation, nerve growth, apoptosis and pain signalling. Increased concentrations of NGF in synovial fluid has been shown in humans and dogs with osteoarthritis. Despite osteoarthritis being a common problem in horses, no studies have previously been published on NGF in the equine joint. The aim of this study was to quantify NGF in equine synovial fluid from healthy joints, acutely inflamed septic joints and joints with structural changes associated with osteoarthritis. A secondary aim was to identify the localisation of NGF and its two receptors, TrkA and p75(NTR) in healthy and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. NGF concentrations in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic joints (n = 27), septic joints (n = 9) and healthy joints (n = 16) were determined by ELISA. In addition, articular cartilage from osteoarthritic and healthy joints was examined for NGF, TrkA and P75(NTR) using immunohistochemistry staining. NGF was present in equine synovial fluid and articular cartilage. Compared to synovial fluid from healthy joints, NGF concentration was higher in synovial fluid from joints with structural osteoarthritic changes (P = 0.032) or acute septic inflammation (P = 0.006). In articular cartilage with severe osteoarthritic changes, there was more abundant positive immunohistochemistry staining for NGF and its receptors than in normal articular cartilage. Further studies should focus on identifying precursor forms of NGF, and on receptor expression and downstream signalling of TrkA and P75(NTR) in health and disease. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kendall, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nerve growth factor receptors in equine synovial membranes vary with osteoarthritic disease severity
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Orthopaedic Research. - : Wiley. - 0736-0266 .- 1554-527X. ; 41, s. 316-324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that has been implicated in pain signaling, apoptosis, inflammation and proliferation. The resultant effects depend on interaction with two different receptors; tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) and p75(NTR). NGF increases in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic joints, and monoclonal antibody therapy is trialed to treat osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain. Investigation of the complex and somewhat contradictory signaling pathways of NGF is conducted in neural research, but has not followed through to orthopaedic studies. The objectives of this study were to compare the expression of NGF receptors and the downstream regulator BAX in synovial membranes from joints in various stages of OA. The horse was used as a model. Synovial membranes were harvested from five healthy horses postmortem and from clinical cases with spontaneous OA undergoing arthroscopic surgery for lameness. Four horses with synovitis without gross cartilage changes, four horses with synovitis and cartilage damage, and four horses with synovitis and intracarpal fractures were included. Samples were investigated by immunohistochemistry and results showed that nuclear staining of TrkA, p75(NTR) and BAX increases in OA-associated synovitis. TrkA expression increased in early disease stages whereas increases in p75(NTR) were most prominent in later disease stages with cartilage damage and fibrosis. Clinical significance: Suppression of NGF may result in varied effects depending on different stages of the osteoarthritic disease process.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Lützelschwab, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
-
Bone Biomarker in Feedlot Cattle from Two Different Production Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Food science & nutrition research. - 2641-4295. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid growth rate in feedlot cattle is likely to promote joint abnormalities like osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) and osteoarthritis (OA) with subsequent lameness. We have identified a small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) biomarker at cleavage site 262GLGHNQIRM (BGN262) arising from the fragmentation of biglycan (BGN) in subchondral bone associated with OA. With a validated custom-made ELISA, BGN262 has been quantified in serum from cattle. The concentration of BGN262 in serum from cattle raised in the conventional and all-natural production systems increased at harvest compared to the starting period. The limitation of the study is the small sample size. However, the promising results encourage a further evaluation of BGN262 and its potential as a biomarker for subchondral bone pathology in cattle.
|
|
| 9. |
- Löfgren, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditioned serum in vitro treatment of chondrocyte pellets and osteoarthritic explants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Equine Veterinary Journal. - : Wiley. - 0425-1644 .- 2042-3306. ; 55:2, s. 325-335
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is used to treat osteoarthritis in horses, although its effects are not fully investigated. Objectives: To investigate the effects of equine serum and conditioned serum on chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 beta and cartilage explants with mild osteoarthritis. Study design: In vitro experimental study. Methods: The effect of three different serum preparations (unincubated control [PS], serum incubated 24 h [PS24h] and serum incubated 24 h in ACS containers [PCS]) pooled from lame horses were tested in two in vitro models. IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) concentrations were measured in all sera. In model 1, chondrocyte pellet cultures were stimulated with IL-1 beta prior to treatment with the serum preparations for 2 and 48 h. Microarray, polymerase chain reaction, and matrix metallopeptidase-13 analyses were performed. In model 2, cartilage explants from horses with structural osteoarthritis were treated with PS or PCS on days 0, 6 and 12, or left untreated, and evaluated at day 24 using the OARSI grading scale for histological evaluation of articular cartilage. Results: The IL-1Ra concentration in PS24h and PCS was significantly higher than in PS. In model 1, inflammation- and cartilage matrix degradation-related genes were upregulated after 48 h in all treatment groups versus untreated controls. Cartilage matrix molecules, aggrecan and collagens, were downregulated in PS24h- and PCS-treated pellets versus untreated controls. Growth factor signalling genes were upregulated-FGF7 in all treatment groups, BMP2 in PS24h-, and INHBA in PCS-treated-compared with untreated controls. In model 2, the OARSI score at day 24 was not significantly different between treatment groups. Main limitations: Results from in vitro models cannot be directly translated to in vivo situations. Conclusions: In vitro treatment with conditioned serum did not alleviate IL-1 beta-induced responses in chondrocyte pellets or lead to morphological improvement in osteoarthritic cartilage explants.
|
|
| 10. |
- Manhem, Stina, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum, a National Comparison Between Interventional and Surgical Approach, in Combination with a Systemic Literature Review
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Pediatric Cardiology. - 0172-0643 .- 1432-1971.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to compare long-term morbidity in patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS)treated with catheter-based intervention (group A) versus those undergoing heart surgery (group B) as initial intervention.Additionally, we conducted a systematic literature review on PA-IVS treatment. All neonates born in Sweden with PA-IVSbetween 2007 and 2019 were screened for inclusion. The inclusion criterion was decompression of the right ventricle forinitial intervention. Medical records were reviewed, as well as the initial preoperative angiogram, and the diagnostic echocar-diogram. Comparisons between groups were performed with Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher´s exact test. A systematicliterature review of original studies regarding treatment of PA-IVS (2002 and onward) was conducted following the PreferredReporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, to assess the outcomes of patients with PA-IVS. 34(11 females) patients were included, 18 in group A and 16 in group B. There was no mortality in either group. Follow-uptime ranged from 2 to 15 years (median 9). All attempted perforations in group A were successful, and 16 out of 18 patientsreached biventricular circulation. In the surgical group 15 out of 16 patients reached biventricular circulation. The literaturereview presented heterogeneity in standards for treatment. This retrospective population-based multicenter study demonstratesthat both catheter-based intervention and heart surgery are safe procedures. Our results are comparable to, or exceed, thosein the systematic literature review. The systematic literature review displays a great heterogeneity in study design, with nodefinitive golden standard treatment.
|
|
