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- Musso, G., et al.
(författare)
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Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with chronic kidney disease : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science. - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 11:7, s. e1001680-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent, under-recognized condition and a risk factor for renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence connects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to CKD. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether the presence and severity of NAFLD are associated with the presence and severity of CKD.Methods and Findings:English and non-English articles from international online databases from 1980 through January 31, 2014 were searched. Observational studies assessing NAFLD by histology, imaging, or biochemistry and defining CKD as either estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) andlt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria were included. Two reviewers extracted studies independently and in duplicate. Individual participant data (IPD) were solicited from all selected studies. Studies providing IPD were combined with studies providing only aggregate data with the two-stage method. Main outcomes were pooled using random-effects models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were used to explore sources of heterogeneity and the effect of potential confounders. The influences of age, whole-body/abdominal obesity, homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and duration of follow-up on effect estimates were assessed by meta-regression. Thirty-three studies (63,902 participants, 16 population-based and 17 hospital-based, 20 cross-sectional, and 13 longitudinal) were included. For 20 studies (61% of included studies, 11 cross-sectional and nine longitudinal, 29,282 participants), we obtained IPD. NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of prevalent (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% CI 1.69-2.66) and incident (hazard ratio [HR] 1.79, 95% CI 1.65-1.95) CKD. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was associated with a higher prevalence (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.58-4.05) and incidence (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.42-3.17) of CKD than simple steatosis. Advanced fibrosis was associated with a higher prevalence (OR 5.20, 95% CI 3.14-8.61) and incidence (HR 3.29, 95% CI 2.30-4.71) of CKD than non-advanced fibrosis. In all analyses, the magnitude and direction of effects remained unaffected by diabetes status, after adjustment for other risk factors, and in other subgroup and meta-regression analyses. In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the severity of NAFLD was positively associated with CKD stages. Limitations of analysis are the relatively small size of studies utilizing liver histology and the suboptimal sensitivity of ultrasound and biochemistry for NAFLD detection in population-based studies.Conclusion:The presence and severity of NAFLD are associated with an increased risk and severity of CKD.Please see later in the article for the Editors Summary. © 2014 Musso et al.
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| 3. |
- Buschle, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Automating enterprise architecture documentation using an enterprise service bus
- 2012
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Ingår i: 18th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2012, AMCIS 2012. ; , s. 4213-4226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently the documentation of Enterprise Architectures (EA) requires manual collection of data resulting in an error prone, expensive, and time consuming process. Recent approaches seek to automate and improve EA documentation by employing the productive system environment of organizations. In this paper, we investigate a specific Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) considered as the nervous system of an enterprise interconnecting business applications and processes as an information source. We evaluate the degree of coverage to which data of a productive system can be used for EA documentation. A vendor-specific ESB data model is reverse-engineered and transformation rules for three representative EA information models are derived. These transformation rules are employed to perform automated model transformations making the first step towards an automated EA documentation. We evaluate our approach using a productive ESB system from a leading enterprise of the fashion industry.
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| 5. |
- Hermansson, Anne-Marie, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Marine-Inspired Water-Structured Biomaterials
- 2010
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Ingår i: Water Properties in Food, Health, Pharmaceutical and Biological Systems: ISOPOW 10. - Oxford, UK : Wiley-Blackwell. - 9780813812731 ; , s. 385-395
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biomimetics can provide new insights for the design of the next generation of biomaterials based on hierarchical structures. In an inspirational project for research on structured materials with tailored mass transport properties, we have used the jellyfi sh as a model system because of its remarkable water - holding capacity. The microstructure of the jellyfi sh, Aurelia aurita , has been characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characterization was focused on the mesoglea in order to understand the water management of jellyfi sh and related rheological properties. The results revealed a structure spanning a wide range of length scales. The mesoglea consists of long fi bers and a network spanning the space between them. It is a relatively coarse and open network consisting of proteins, as well as polysaccharides, which suggests a complex supermolecular proteoglucan structure. Jellyfi sh are sensitive to variations in salt content, and change in volume, shrinking with increasing salt content. The hierarchical structural levels are necessary for jellyfi sh to maintain their overall structure in water with varying salt contents. The coarse fi bers stabilize the jellyfi sh structure, and the network structure between the fi bers is most likely responsible for water management. By understanding the hierarchy and structures at different length scales, we can gain important information for the development of a new generation of hierarchically structured biomaterials with tailor - made mass transport, water management, and molecular mobilities.
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