| 1. |
- Arnrup, K, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of dental behavior management problems among children.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Poster presentation at the 85th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR, New Orleans, LA, USA, March 21-24, 2007..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: This study aimed to further investigate the heterogeneity within the group of children referred for specialist treatment because of dental behavior management problems (DBMP). A specific aim was to evaluate the validity of a previously reported cluster structure in another DBMP study group. Methods: 177 child dental patients, aged 4 to 12 at referral to a specialist pediatric dental clinic in Göteborg, Sweden, were classified into subgroups according to their personal characteristics. Cluster structure was described and compared to previously reported findings in a DBMP study group of same-aged child dental patients in Örebro, Sweden (n=74). Parental assessments of children's dental and general fear, temperament and behavior were made pre-treatment. The children also performed a vocabulary test. Data were analyzed mainly with a person-based approach using sequences of cluster analyses. Results: Classification into five different subgroups was judged the best representation of the Göteborg study group data, while four groups had been defined in Örebro. The new clusters partly paralleled the previous and were labeled (I) Extrovert, outgoing, (II) Highly fearful, multiple problems, (III) Highly fearful, (IV) Moderately fearful, externalizing, impulsive and (V) Moderately fearful, inhibited. Cluster profile II describes severe dental fear and general temperamental and behavioral problems of internalizing as well as externalizing character. Such combined problems were not clearly revealed in the Örebro cluster structure. Conclusion: The contention that children with dental behavior management problems (DBMP) comprise a heterogeneous group was strengthened. Similar, although not identical, clusters of children showing DBMP were identified in this replication study. Apart from different levels of dental fear, varying temperamental and behavioral characteristics need to be taken into consideration to better match treatment for these patients
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| 2. |
- Bernson, Jenny M, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported dental coping strategies among fearful adult patients: preliminary enquiry explorations.
- 2007
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Ingår i: European journal of oral sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 115:6, s. 484-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation explored strategies to cope with dental treatment used by fearful adult patients undergoing regular dental care and those with phobic avoidance. A newly constructed 20-item questionnaire entitled The Dental Coping Strategy Questionnaire (DCSQ-20) was distributed consecutively to 171 individuals with self- and dentist-reported high dental fear, of whom 77 had dental phobic avoidance and were attending a dental fear clinic and 94 were undergoing regular care at one of three different public dental clinics. The level of dental fear was high in both groups, but significantly higher among avoidant individuals. Several of the DCSQ-20 items showed statistically significant differences between groups. Factor analysis of the DCSQ-20 yielded a four-factor solution explaining 52% of the total variance. The factors were labelled (i) 'self-efficacy statements', (ii) 'self distraction and distancing', (iii) 'catastrophizing', and (iv) 'praying and despair'. The DCSQ-20 displayed sound psychometric properties, and the reliability (Cronbach's alpha) for the factors was between 0.68-0.78. Factors (iii) and (iv) correlated significantly with dental anxiety and were rated significantly higher among individuals with phobic avoidance. In a logistic regression analysis, gender, dental anxiety, and three of the four factors (i, iii, iv) were predictive of regularity vs. phobic avoidance of dental care.
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| 3. |
- Elfström, Magnus L., et al.
(författare)
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General and condition-specific measures of coping strategies in persons with spinal cord lesion.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychology, Health & Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1354-8506 .- 1465-3966. ; 10:3, s. 231-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined psychometric properties and validity of a general (Ways of Coping Questionnaire; WCQ) and a condition-specific (Spinal Cord Lesion-related Coping Strategies Questionnaire; SCL CSQ) measure of coping strategies. The sample included 181 community-residing traumatically spinal cord lesioned persons aged 16-85 years. Multi-trait/multi-item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression were used. Reliability and validity estimates were acceptable in most instances for the SCL CSQ, whereas the validity of the WCQ was inadequate. The SCL CSQ showed a significant relationship with the overall quality of life outcome measure, whereas the WCQ did not. We recommend condition-specific measures of coping strategies, and that the combination with coping style measures be tested in medical populations.
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| 4. |
- Elfström, Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting emotional well being during acute rehabilitation in a European spinal cord injury sample
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; , s. 162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine what resource and coping variables that could predict emotional well being during the acute phase of spinal cord injury rehabilitation. All newly acquired injuries were approached in selected British, Swiss, Swedish, German, Austrian and Irish spinal centres. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet at 6 weeks post injury and again at 12 weeks. Stepwise hierarchical regression analyses were performed on data from 281 questionnaire packs from 14 European spinal centres. Gender, age and severity of impairment were controlled for. Sense of coherence, the coping strategy social reliance, threat and challenge appraisals, perceived manageability, and perceived quality of social support made significant contributions to the variance in measures of emotional well-being (anxiety, depression and a psychological subscale of a quality of life scale). Psychological assessment during acute stages may assist in identifying ‘at risk’ patients and provide guidance for therapeutic intervention.
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| 5. |
- Elfström, Magnus, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Temperamental and behavioural characteristics of adults seeking treatment for severe dental fear
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychology and Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0887-0446 .- 1476-8321. ; 24:sup. 1, s. 162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Other psychological/behavioral factors in addition to fear and traditional measures of psychopathology should possibly be considered in the assessment and treatment of dental fear. The present study investigated fear and personality profiles among severely fearful adult patients. Participants were 230 consecutive adults applying for treatment of severe dental anxiety at a specialized clinic. Background data included dental treatment and dental fear history, general anxiety and depression assessments. Cluster analyses were performed. Four different fear and personality subgroups were judged to best represent data: (I) Fearful, extrovert, outgoing, (II) Highly fearful, extrovert, outgoing, (III) Fearful, inhibited, and (IV) Highly fearful, multiple problems. The view that adults with dental fear comprise a heterogeneous group was strengthened. Apart from different levels of dental fear, there seems to be varying temperamental and behavioral characteristics that need to be further studied and that may lead to a better match of treatment for these patients.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Karlsson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Information driven collaborative engineering : enabling functional product innovation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Challenges in Collaborative Engineering - CCE '05. - Jönköping, Sweden : Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Jönköping University. - 9197560413
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses Information Driven Collaborative Engineering (IDCE) as an enabler of Functional Product Innovation (FPI). It discusses challenges that arise in functional product development and how distributed collaborative work will be affected. Finally the paper proposes bringing the domains of Distributed Collaborative Engineering (DCE) and Knowledge Enabled Engineering (KEE) together to form IDCE, in order to meet these challenges.
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| 8. |
- Kennedy, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Appraisals, coping and psychological outcome measures in a European sample
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Study Design: Longitudinal, multiple wave panel design.Objectives: To investigate the degree to which current thinking in terms of early appraisals and coping, predicts adjustment and quality of life outcomes after spinal cord injury, and what degree social and demographic variables are involved.Setting: Data from 281 patients recruited from specialist units in selected British, Swiss, Swedish, German, Austrian and Irish spinal centres as part of an ongoing study was analysed.Method: Questionnaire booklets were administered as soon as possible after injury onset and after 12 weeks to patients with newly acquired spinal cord injuries. Individuals included had sustained their injury between the ages of 16 and 83. Results: Significant improvements in outcome measures were found across the data set within the first 12 weeks following spinal cord injury and changes observed in the appraisals and coping strategies employed. Significant differences were found between participating centres on both outcome measures and in the coping and appraisal processes used. Coping and appraisal processes at 6 weeks post injury were found to contribute significantly to the variation in psychological well being at 12 weeks post injury.Conclusion: This study shows the process of adjustment to spinal cord injury to begin in the early stages of rehabilitation, and initial appraisals are important to how an individual will cope with their injury and to their long term psychological well being. Support is also given to the importance of psychological factors to functional outcomes.
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| 9. |
- Kennedy, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Replication of the air bag effect
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One objective of this study was to replicate the air bag effect of persons with spinal cord injury and their close persons compared to a reference group of close persons of people with brain injury (BI) and a sample of the general population during the first year of rehabilitation. The former psychological longitudinal study had been conducted from 1999 to 2001, the actual psychological longitudinal study from 2006 to current. The air bag effect is a creative adjustment process, characterised by a nonspecific mobilisation of coping resources which often occurs right at the onset of SCI.All newly acquired injuries were approached in selected Swiss, German and Austrian spinal centres. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet at 6 weeks post injury, at 12 weeks and again one year post injury. One hundred and thirty two participants completed the questionnaire pack from 13 German speaking spinal centres.The air bag effect was mainly operationalized by the sense of coherence and stress related measures. The initial powerful air bag effect and its expected course could be replicated for people with SCI. The distress of close persons of people with BI was reflected by the data. A better development had been observed for close persons of people with SCI concerning the second and third assessment compared to the former study.The air bag effect can be considered as a matter of fact. The role of psychological support is discussed in respect of mobilising resources and buffering distress.
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| 10. |
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