| 1. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Serologic evidence of Puumala virus infection in wild moose in northern Sweden
- 2000
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Ingår i: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0002-9637 .- 1476-1645. ; 62:1, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puumala (PUU) virus is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, the Scandinavian form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. The infection is acquired by airborne transmission of PUU virus from its rodent reservoir, the bank vole. Besides serologic data indicating that the virus may spread also to heterologous rodents, there is little information on the susceptibility of wild living animals to PUU virus. We studied the occurrence of antibodies to PUU virus in serum samples from 427 wild-living moose, of which 260 originated from the PUU virus-endemic northern and central parts of Sweden and 167 originated from the southern, nonendemic part of Sweden. Samples from 5 animals showed reactivity in an ELISA for recombinant PUU virus nucleocapsid protein, an immunofluorescent assay, and a neutralization test. These 5 animals all originated from the PUU virus-endemic northern part of Sweden. In conclusion, 5 of 260 moose from the endemic region showed convincing serologic evidence of past PUU virus infection. The seroprevalence was low, suggesting that the moose is subjected to endstage infection rather than being part of an enzootic transmission cycle.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Björndal, Asa Szekely, et al.
(författare)
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Ebola virus infection inversely correlates with the overall expression levels of promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) protein in cultured cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 3, s. 6-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have established a simple fixation and immunofluorescence staining procedure that allows specific co-detection and precise sub-cellular localization of the PML nuclear bodies and the Ebola virus encoded proteins NP, VP35 and VP40 in formaldehyde treated cells. Interferon-alpha treatment delays virus production in vitro. Intact PML bodies may play an anti-viral role in Ebola infected cells.
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| 4. |
- Bucht, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Modifying the cellular transport of DNA-based vaccines alters the immune response to hantavirus nucleocapsid protein
- 2001
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 19:28-29, s. 3820-3829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Puumala virus is a member of the hantavirus genus (family Bunyaviridae) and is one of the causative agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. A genetic vaccination approach was conducted to investigate if the immune response could be modulated using different cellular secretion and/or localisation signals, and the immune responses were analysed in BALB/c mice and in a bank vole infectious model. Rodents vaccinated with DNA constructs encoding the antigen fused to an amino-terminal secretion signal raised significantly higher antibody levels when compared to using constructs lacking secretion signals. Furthermore, the ratios of the IgG subclasses (IgG2a/IgG1) were raised by the use of cellular localisation signals, indicating a more pronounced Th1-type of immune response. The majority of the mice, or bank voles, immunised with DNA encoding a secreted form of the antigen showed a positive lymphoproliferative response and were protected against challenge with Puumala virus (strain Kazan-wt).
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| 5. |
- Elgh, Fredrik
(författare)
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A Generic Framework for Automated Cost Evaluation of Product Variants and Fabrication Plants
- 2004
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Ingår i: ASME DETC04.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost is one of the most important criteria for evaluation of product variants. In this paper a framework for building systems for cost evaluation of product variants and fabrication plants is presented and discussed. These systems have the purpose of governing the design work towards solutions with an optimal balance between product and production properties. The starting point of the proposed procedure is the cost structure of a manufactured product: identification of information needed for evaluation of different product variants, fabrication plants, or both; where the necessary information can be derived from; and how information accessibility and extraction can be supported. The creation of information models for product cost, plant resources, process plans and product geometry is introduced and the relationships between models are examined, supporting system development. Important guidelines for the creation of a parametric solid model that will serve as the foundation for an automated cost evaluation system are presented.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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An Automated Cost Estimating System for Variant Design Based on the Method of Successive Calculus
- 2003
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Ingår i: ICED03.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many products the adaption to customer specifications is essential and requires flexible product design and manufacture while maintaining competitive pricing. A large category of design work in industry has the character of redesign of an existing product concept in terms of dimensional changes, topology variations and configuration of components. In order to evaluate design proposals, costs, which are controlled by the product design, selected materials and manufacturing processes, need to be estimated. Cost estimates are normally based on the manufacturing process plans, which can only be formed when production preparation is finalised. The widespread industrial use of solid modelling opens up new possibilities to automate this process. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and test a method to extract product information from a CAD model to allow process planning and cost calculation to be carried out automatically for a given class of products. With such a system cost estimates can be made available to the designer the instant a design proposal has been presented. This allows for design iterations to be carried out in order to govern the design work towards solutions with an optimal balance between product and production properties.
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| 8. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Automatic Cost Estimating System for Variant Design Based on the Method of Successive Calculus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Research for Practice - Innovations in Products, Processes and Organisations. - Glasgow : The Design Society. - 1904670008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many products, the adaption to customer specifications is essential and requires flexible product design and manufacture while maintaining competitive pricing. A large category of design work in industry has the character of the redesigning of an existing product concept in terms of dimensional changes, topology variations and the configuration of components. In order to evaluate design proposals, costs, controlled by the product design, selected materials and manufacturing processes, need to be estimated. Cost estimates are normally based on the manufacturing process plans. They, in turn, can only be formed when production preparation is finalised. The widespread industrial use of solid modelling opens up new possibilities for automating this process. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and test a method of extracting product information from a CAD model in order to allow process planning and cost calculation to be carried out automatically for a given class of products. With such a system, cost estimates can be made available to the designer the instant a design proposal has been presented. This allows design iterations to be carried out, in order to govern the design work towards solutions with an optimal balance between product and production properties.
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| 9. |
- Flick, Ramon, et al.
(författare)
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Mutational analysis of the Uukuniemi virus (Bunyaviridae family) promoter reveals two elements of functional importance
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 76:21, s. 10849-10860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have performed an extensive mutational analysis of the proposed promoter region of the phlebovirus Uukuniemi (UUK), a member of the Bunyaviridae family. This was achieved by using a recently developed RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-driven reverse genetics system (R. Flick and R. F. Pettersson, J. Virol. 75:1643-1655, 2001). Chimeric cDNAs containing the coding region for the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in an antisense orientation were flanked by the 5'- and 3'-terminal nontranslated regions of the UUK virus-sense RNA (vRNA) derived from the medium-sized (M) RNA segment. The chimeric cDNAs (Pol I expression cassettes) were cloned between the murine Pol I promoter and terminator, and the plasmids were transfected into BHK-21 cells. CAT activity was determined after cotransfection with viral expression plasmids encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) and the nucleoprotein (N) or, alternatively, after superinfection with UUK virus helper virus. Using oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, single point mutations (substitutions, deletions, and insertions) were introduced into the viral promoter region. Differences in CAT activities were interpreted to reflect the efficiency of mRNA transcription from the mutated promoter and the influence on RNA replication. Analysis of 109 mutants allowed us to define two important regulatory regions within the proximal promoter region (site A, positions 3 to 5 and 2 to 4; site B, positions 8 and 8, where underlined nucleotides refer to positions in the vRNA 3' end). Complementary double nucleotide exchanges in the proximal promoter region, which maintained the possibility for base pairing between the 5' and 3' ends, demonstrated that nucleotides in the two described regions are essential for viral polymerase recognition in a base-specific manner. Thus, mere preservation of panhandle base pairing between the 5' and 3' ends is not sufficient for promoter activity. In conclusion, we have been able to demonstrate that both ends of the M RNA segment build up the promoter region and are involved in the specific recognition by the viral polymerase.
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| 10. |
- Flick, Ramon, et al.
(författare)
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Reverse genetics for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 77:10, s. 5997-6006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread geographical distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (more than 30 countries) and its ability to produce severe human disease with high mortality rates (up to 60%) make CCHF a major public health concern worldwide. We describe here the successful establishment of a reverse genetics technology for CCHF virus, a member of the genus Nairovirus, family BUNYAVIRIDAE: The RNA polymerase I (pol I) system was used to generate artificial viral RNA genome segments (minigenomes), which contained different reporter genes in antisense (virus RNA) or sense (virus-complementary RNA) orientation flanked by the noncoding regions of the CCHF virus S segment. Reporter gene expression was observed in different eukaryotic cell lines following transfection and subsequent superinfection with CCHF virus, confirming encapsidation, transcription, and replication of the pol I-derived minigenomes. The successful transfer of reporter gene activity to fresh cells demonstrated the generation of recombinant CCHF viruses, thereby confirming the packaging of the pol I-derived minigenomes into progeny viruses. The system offers a unique opportunity to study the biology of nairoviruses and to develop therapeutic and prophylactic measures against CCHF infections. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that the human pol I system can be used to develop reverse genetics approaches for viruses in the family BUNYAVIRIDAE: This is important since it might facilitate the manipulation of bunyaviruses with cell and host tropisms restricted to primates.
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