| 1. |
- Birk, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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iRoad - cooperative road infrastructure systems for driver support
- 2009
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Ingår i: 16th World Congress and Exhibition on Intelligent Transport Systems 2009. - Red Hook : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781617385896
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the design and implementation of a cooperative road infrastructure systems, which uses an intelligent road surface. Using an overtaking assist feature as an example it is shown how such a feature can be designed and implemented on a road infrastructure and integrated with drivers and passengers using IMS. The feasibility of this feature is assessed from a functional and communication perspective. Moreover, first results from real-life tests on the Swedish highway E4 are presented which motivate the next research and development steps.
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| 2. |
- Borodina, I., et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic engineering of streptomyces
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Metabolic Pathway Engineering Handbook: Fundamentals. - 9781439802977 ; , s. 24-1-24-30
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some of the common soil microorganisms are actinomycetes, Gram-positive bacteria with high GC content. Because of their mycelial habit they were initially believed to be fungi, which reected in their name (mucus (lat.) means fungus). In 1939, one year before rediscovery of penicillin by Florey and Chain, soil microbiologist Waksman has set his lab on a quest for new antimicrobial drugs. From the previous studies he knew that actinomycetes can inhibit the growth of other soil bacteria through secretion of bioactive compounds, which he named “antibiotics” (anti (lat.) against, bio (lat.) life). Systematic search for antibiotics produced by actinomycetes resulted in the discovery of actinomycin (1940), clavacin, and streptothricin (1942), all of them sadly turned out to be toxic in animal tests. In 1943 Waksman’s student Schatz isolated streptomycin-producing strain of Streptomyces griseus.1 Streptomycin was not particularly toxic to animals and humans, but remarkably was the rst compound active against tuberculosis bacteria. Many pharmaceutical companies and research laboratories started to collect soil samples from all over the world in search of antibiotics-producing organisms. Most of the discoveries were made in the rst ten years of the “hunt,” the larger part involved Streptomyces species. Streptomyces is a genus in the genera of actinomycetes, many of these bacteria produce volatile compounds that give the earth its characteristic odor. Streptomyces proved to be an excellent source of secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, anticancerous agents, antihelmintic drugs, and other useful compounds (Table 24.1). At present more than half of antibiotics in clinical use are produced in Streptomyces species.
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| 3. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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A bluetooth-based sensor node for low-power ad hoc networks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Computers. - : International Academy Publishing (IAP). - 1796-203X. ; 3:5, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TCP/IP has recently taken promising steps toward being a viable communication architecture for networked sensor nodes. Furthermore, the use of Bluetooth can enable a wide range of new applications, and in this article, an overview of the performance and characteristics of a networked sensor node based on TCP/IP and Bluetooth is presented. The number of Bluetooth-enabled consumer devices on the market is increasing, which gives Bluetooth an advantage compared to other radio technologies from an interoperability point of view. However, this excellent ability to communicate introduces disadvantages since neither TCP/IP nor Bluetooth were designed with resource-constrained sensor nodes in mind. We, however, argue that the constraints imposed by general purpose protocols and technologies can be greatly reduced by exploiting characteristics of the communication scheme in use and efficient and extensive use of available low-power modes. Furthermore, we claim that a Bluetooth-enabled networked sensor node can achieve an operating lifetime in the range of years using a total volume of less than 10 cm3. The Mulle Embedded Internet System (EIS), along with its advanced power management architecture, is presented as a case-study to support the claims.
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| 4. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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A power management architecture for sensor nodes
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications & Networking Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 1424406587 ; , s. 3008-3013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless sensor nodes are a versatile, generalpurpose technology capable of measuring, monitoring and controlling their environment. Even though sensor nodes are becoming ever smaller and more power efficient, there is one area that is not yet fully addressed; Power Supply Units (PSUs). Standard solutions that are efficient enough for electronic devices with higher power consumption than sensor nodes, such as mobile phones or PDAs, may prove to be ill suited for the extreme low-power and size requirements often found on wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, a system-level design of a Power Management Architecture (PMA) is presented. The PMA is an integration of PSU hardware and various software components, and is capable of supplying a sensor node with energy from multiple sources, as well as providing status information from the PSU. The heart of the architecture is a context- and power-aware Task manager, which controls when the nodes low-power modes are activated, and is highly integrated with PSU hardware as well as other software components in the system. Its main responsibility is to schedule when energy consuming tasks can be dispatched. Depending on the task priority and system configuration, a task can be either dispatched, discarded or delayed. This approach ensures that only critical tasks will be allowed to use the battery, and that the system will be powered by renewable energy when performing other non-critical tasks.
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| 5. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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An ad-hoc bluetooth sensor network for automotive testing
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424414567 - 9781424414574 ; , s. 179-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the feasibility of using a sensor network for automotive testing is investigated. Testing is becoming ever more important for the car industry, where the demands for quicker time-to-market and shortened development cycles are increasing. Car testing is time consuming, and is often performed in remote rural areas. Traditional methods include wiring up a vehicle with sensors connected to a data logging device. We envision that the use of wireless sensors can drastically decrease the time required to perform a set of test cases. A sensor network based on Bluetooth was used to validate our design approach. The network supports real-time monitoring of sensor data, and precludes the need of manually configuring each sensor node. Preliminary tests indicates that the proposed design is well suited for vehicle testing, due to its inherent support for ad-hoc networking and auto configuration of services.
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| 6. |
- Eliasson, Jens
(författare)
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Low-power design methodologies for embedded internet systems
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Embedded systems are resource-constrained special-purpose computers, capable of both sensing and controlling the environment they are placed in. An embedded system usually consists of both hardware and software. The hardware can be composed of sensors, actuators, processors, memory storage devices, communication peripherals, and power supplies. The software typically includes an operating system, device drivers, and an application-specific algorithm for controlling the system's behavior. A special class of embedded systems is comprised by systems that can communicate using standard Internet protocols. Such systems, called Embedded Internet Systems (EIS), are capable of transmitting sensor data directly to the Internet without using specialized gateways. Sensor nodes (nodes in a sensor network) are an example of specialized embedded systems. Sensor nodes with wireless communication capabilities can form a wireless network of sensors. Two types of such networks are usually distinguished - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Personal Area Networks (PAN). Wireless sensor networks may consist of hundreds or even thousands of sensor nodes; they can be used in industrial applications and deployed in hazardous environments, such as battlefields, volcanos, and forest fires. Personal area networks, on the other hand, are normally composed of a relatively small number of devices, which minimizes requirement on scalability. PAN devices use general-purpose technologies and standard protocols, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and they are designed for applications such as video and audio streaming, web browsing, and file transfer. Today's research on WSN technology is focused on creating power-efficient large-scale networks using highly specialized protocols and technologies; they are usually intended for scientific, military, and industrial usage scenarios. Research on PAN technology targets consumer needs, where two important requirements are interoperability, through the use of general-purpose technologies and protocols, and usability, often achieved by supporting dynamic address allocation and well-known service discovery protocols. When sensor nodes are used in personal area networks, they should have both features normally characteristic of WSN nodes and those more typical of PAN nodes. A sensor network based on general-purpose technologies should be power-efficient while at the same time enabling interoperability with consumer devices. By using consumer devices, such as mobile phones, and widely available access networks, such as GPRS and UMTS cellular networks, such sensor nodes can achieve worldwide mobility. This is in contrast to traditional wireless sensor networks where the focus is on achieving efficient communication within the network using highly specialized protocols and technologies. This thesis investigates the feasibility of using Embedded Internet Systems as wirelessly networked sensor nodes using standard protocols and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The focus is on reducing sensor nodes' power consumption while still allowing interoperability with standard consumer devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, and computers. In other words, the goal is to merge WSN and PAN technologies to produce a new type of wirelessly networked sensor nodes with an operational lifetime in the range of months to years, which communicate using well-known protocols, such as Bluetooth and TCP/IP. Bluetooth was chosen since it is by far the most wide-spread protocol supported by existing consumer devices, and we call the resulting sensor networks Bluetooth Sensor Networks (BSN). BSN nodes are EIS devices used in the context of sensor networks, and the main motivation for this type of sensor networks is to allow sensors, such as GPS, pulse oximeters, and thermometers, to be used in conjunction with standard consumer devices and applications. The work presented in this thesis has resulted in a system architecture which supports sensor networks consisting of EIS devices with a lifetime of several years, energy scavenging capabilities, and user-oriented low-power operation. The use of TCP/IP and Bluetooth enables interoperability with existing infrastructures, such as the Internet, and mobility, when Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones are used as gateways to cellular networks. It has also be demonstrated that it is feasible to utilize Bluetooth and TCP/IP on resource-constrained networked sensor nodes, while still enabling system operational lifetimes in the range of months to years and using a total system volume of less than 10 cm3 .
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| 7. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Time synchronous bluetooth sensor networks
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 1424400856 ; , s. 336-340
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bluetooth-equipped wireless sensor nodes can be quickly integrated in small home networks. These networks can be utilized e.g. for surveillance, home monitoring and automation. Accurate time is an important factor for time-stamping of sensor data, encryption/authentication and it can also to used to implement time synchronous schemes for low power radio communication. We argue that IP-based time synchronization, such as various flavors of the NTP protocol, can be used with Bluetooth networks. This in combination with an activation schedule allows an efficient trade-off between energy consumption and communication delay, and provides easy integration with available infrastructure. The proposed approach in this paper is well suited for smaller wireless home networks, typically singlehop networks with access points that are always available. Our approach is verified by experiments performed on a COTS-based platform using Bluetooth.
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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Towards road surface monitoring : experiments and technical challenges
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE control applications (CCA) & intelligent control (ISIC). - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424446018 ; , s. 655-659
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses results from real-life tests with intelligent road marking units (RMU), placed on the surface of a highway in northern Sweden, to monitor passing vehicles and road properties, as well as making the information available through a wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are starting to gain interest in the area of cooperative safety and efficiency in transport as they can contribute to the reduction of accidents and emissions as well as enhanced driver experiences. Intelligent road markings are another key element for the creation of intelligent transport systems, complementing road side units, devices placed near a road equipped with high-performance computational platforms and long range communication capabilities. This paper shows that RMUs are feasible from the perspectives of low-power consumption, durability, and sensing performance.
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Power characterization of a bluetooth-equipped sensor node
- 2005
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Ingår i: REALWSN 2005. - Kista : Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small, autonomous devices with wireless networking capabilities. In order to further increase the applicability of WSNs in real world ap- plications, minimizing energy consumption and size are im- portant research topics. A WSN node itself is a complex system consisting of numerous components, and the energy consumption of the node depends heavily on the interac- tion between its components and their respective operation modes. To develop a power consumption model, we have investigated the power characteristics of a Bluetooth(BT)- equipped node based on COTS (commercial o®-the-shelf) components running standardized protocols for communica- tion. The characterization captures the transient behavior of the individual components as well as the dynamic behav- ior of the system as a whole. Although the parameters of the model are derived for a speci¯c node, the model and our conclusions can be applied to WSN nodes in general. Based on our model the estimated lifetime of a battery powered BT-equipped node can range from a couple of days to sev- eral months depending on battery and usage. This result indicates that COTS based sensor nodes can be used in a wide range of applications.
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| 10. |
- van Deventer, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless infrastructure in a district heating substation
- 2009
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Ingår i: 3rd Annual IEEE Systems Conference, 2009. - : IEEE Communications Society. - 9781424434626 ; , s. 139-143
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new wireless sensor and actuator network architecture for a district heating substation is presented. The implementation allows for new control algorithms to save substancial amounts of energy and therefore reduce waste and indirectly CO2 emissions. The wireless network uses TCP/IP all the way to the sensor level, which can enable a standardized Service Oriented Architecture and the possibility to upgrade software of each node remotely over the Internet. New diagnostic services are also available to improve service and maintenance.
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