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- Bosaeus, Marja, et al.
(författare)
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Body Composition During Pregnancy: Longitudinal Changes and Method Comparisons
- 2020
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Ingår i: Reproductive Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1933-7191 .- 1933-7205. ; :27, s. 1477-1489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study is a longitudinal study of reproductive health. Here we analyzed body composition of normal-weight and obese Swedish women by three methods during each trimester of pregnancy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal fat mass estimates using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita MC-180MA-III) were compared with fat mass determined by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in pregnancy weeks 8-12, 24-26, and 35-37 in normal-weight women (n = 122, BMI = 22.1 +/- 1.6 kg/m(2)) and obese women (n = 29, BMI = 34.6 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)). ADP results were calculated from pregnancy-adjusted fat-free mass densities. Mean fat mass by QMR and ADP were similar in obese women, although with wide limits of agreement. In normal-weight women, QMR overestimated mean fat mass in all trimesters, with systematic overestimation at low fat mass values in trimesters 1 and 3. In obese women, fat mass by BIA was grossly underestimated and imprecise in all trimesters, especially at higher values in trimester 2. In normal-weight women, fat mass by BIA was moderately lower than by ADP in trimester 1, similar in trimester 2, and moderately higher in trimester 3. QMR and ADP assessed fat mass changes similarly in obese women, whereas BIA overestimated fat mass changes in normal-weight women. Mean fat mass and fat mass changes by QMR and pregnancy-adjusted ADP were similar in pregnant obese women. Mean fat mass by QMR and fat mass changes by BIA were higher than corresponding values determined by pregnancy-adjusted ADP in normal-weight women.
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- Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al.
(författare)
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Energy - a scoping review for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project
- 2023
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Ingår i: FOOD & NUTRITION RESEARCH. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We need energy intake to provide energy and nutrients to our cells. The amount of daily energy intake should aim for energy balance, which results in good health. Under- or overconsumption of total daily energy over a longer period leads to increased risk of diseases. In this scoping review, the components of daily energy requirement are defined. Several methods to estimate energy requirements and the amount of total daily energy intake (kJ) related to health are also discussed. Reference values for energy intake in children, adults and pregnant and postpartum women, and older adults are evaluated.Results show that it is challenging to set reference values for energy intake since existing methods are not accurate and precise, and there are several factors that influence the estimated amount of energy. Energy requirement is increased during growth as in childhood, pregnancy and lactation. We conclude that more research in this area is needed, and that new high-quality studies in both Nordic and Baltic countries are needed to obtain new recommendation numbers for energy intake.
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| 4. |
- Cuerda, C., et al.
(författare)
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Original article Nutrition education in medical schools (NEMS) project: Joining ESPEN and university point of view
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614. ; 40:5, s. 2754-2761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Nutrition education is not well represented in the medical curriculum. The aim of this original paper was to describe the Nutrition Education in Medical Schools (NEMS) Project of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Methods: On 19 January 2020, a meeting was held on this topic that was attended by 51 delegates (27 council members) from 34 countries, and 13 European University representatives. Results: This article includes the contents of the meeting that concluded with the signing of the Manifesto for the Implementation of Nutrition Education in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum. Conclusion: The meeting represented a significant step forward, moved towards implementation of nutrition education in medical education in general and in clinical practice in particular, in compliance with the aims of the ESPEN Nutrition Education Study Group (NESG). 0 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Lezo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Intestinal Failure in Children: An International Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 14:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism database for chronic intestinal failure (CIF) was analyzed to investigate factors associated with nutritional status and the intravenous supplementation (IVS) dependency in children. Methods: Data collected: demographics, CIF mechanism, home parenteral nutrition program, z-scores of weight-for-age (WFA), length or height-for-age (LFA/HFA), and body mass index-for-age (BMI-FA). IVS dependency was calculated as the ratio of daily total IVS energy over estimated resting energy expenditure (%IVSE/REE). Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight patients were included, 57.2% of whom were male. CIF mechanisms at age 1-4 and 14-18 years, respectively: SBS 63.3%, 37.9%; dysmotility or mucosal disease: 36.7%, 62.1%. One-third had WFA and/or LFA/HFA z-scores < -2. One-third had %IVSE/REE > 125%. Multivariate analysis showed that mechanism of CIF was associated with WFA and/or LFA/HFA z-scores (negatively with mucosal disease) and %IVSE/REE (higher for dysmotility and lower in SBS with colon in continuity), while z-scores were negatively associated with %IVSE/REE. Conclusions: The main mechanism of CIF at young age was short bowel syndrome (SBS), whereas most patients facing adulthood had intestinal dysmotility or mucosal disease. One-third were underweight or stunted and had high IVS dependency. Considering that IVS dependency was associated with both CIF mechanisms and nutritional status, IVS dependency is suggested as a potential marker for CIF severity in children.
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Urine Metabolite Profiles and Nutrient Intake Based on 4-Day Weighed Food Diary in Habitual Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 151:1, s. 30-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT Background: Increasing interest in diets excluding meat and other products of animal origin emphasizes the importance of objective and reliable methods to measure dietary exposure, to evaluate associations and causation between diet and health, and to quantify nutrient intakes in different diets. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if NMR analysis of urine samples can serve as an objective method to discriminate vegan, vegetarian with or without fish, and omnivore diets. A secondary aim was to assess the influence of dietary nutrient intake on the metabolomics results. Methods: Healthy individuals (43 men and 75 women, age 19–57 y) complying with habitual vegan (n = 42), vegetarian (n = 25), vegetarian + fish (n = 13), or omnivore (n = 38) diets were enrolled. Data were collected on clinical phenotype and lifestyle including a 4-d weighed food diary. Urine was analyzed for metabolites by NMR spectroscopy and data normalized using probabilistic quotient normalization and Pareto-scaled before multivariate analysis. Before orthogonal projections to latent structures with discriminant analysis, participants were assigned as meat consumers or nonmeat consumers (vegans and vegetarians), vegans or nonvegans (omnivores, vegetarian, and vegetarian + fish). Results: The main results showed that it was possible to discriminate meat and nonmeat consumers (91% correctly classified), but discrimination between vegans and nonvegans was less rigorous (75% correctly classified). Secondary outcomes showed that reported intake of protein was higher in omnivores, and saturated fat lower and fiber higher in vegans, compared with the other groups. Discriminating metabolites were mainly related to differences in protein intake. Conclusions: NMR urine metabolomics appears suitable to objectively identify and predict habitual intake of meat in healthy individuals, but results should be interpreted with caution because not only food groups but also specific foods contribute to the patterns. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02039609. J Nutr 2020;00:1–10.
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| 8. |
- Nesse, S. H., et al.
(författare)
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Predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in women with overweight and obesity at three postpartum stages
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2048-6790. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature. Performance of the predictive equations were analysed as the percentage of women whose REE was accurately predicted, defined as a predicted REE within +/- 10 % of measured REE. REE data were available for women at 10 weeks (n71), 24 weeks (n64) and 15 months (n57) postpartum. Thirty-six predictive equations (twenty-five weight-based and eleven FFM-based) were validated. REE was accurately predicted in >= 80 % of women at all postpartum visits by six predictive equations (two weight-based and four FFM-based). The weight-based equation with the highest performance was that of Henry (weight, height, age 30-60 years) (Henry(WH30-60)), with an overall mean of 83 % accurate predictions. The Henry(WH30-60)equation was highly suitable for predicting REE at all postpartum visits (irrespective of the women's actual age), and the performance was sustained across changes in weight and lactation status. No FFM-based equation was remarkably superior to Henry(WH30-60)for the total postpartum period.
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| 10. |
- Pettersson, Cecilia, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary intake and nutritional status in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa: A 3-year follow-up study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614. ; 40:10, s. 5391-5398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) restrict their dietary intake leading to malnutrition. Information is scarce on nutrition status during recovery. The aim of the study was to investigate dietary intake, body composition, biochemistry, and status in young women three years after hospital treatment due to severe restrictive AN. Methods: Dietary intake from four-day food records were compared to a reference group and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum levels of vitamin A, E, D, folate, and ferritin were assessed. Results: Three years after hospital treatment for AN, 12 subjects (60%) were recovered or in partial remission from AN. Subnormal values of body fat and skeletal muscle mass were present in 30% and 25%. Energy intake was 1730 kcal/day (min-max 705-2441) or 33 kcal/kg/day (16-54). Most (80%) had a total energy intake/day below the estimated needs and 6 (32%) had energy intakes below 1550 kcal/day. Micronutrient intakes from food were low; 16 (85%) had intakes below recommendations of iron, folate, and vitamin D. Serum levels of vitamins A, E, D, and folate were on average adequate; but a subnormal value (<50 nmol/L) of vitamin D was found in 20%. Ferritin levels were significantly lower at follow-up, and 25% had values below reference range. Return of menstruation was dependent of energy intake and body fat. Conclusions: A regular and careful assessment of nutritional status along with nutritional counseling during recovery is recommended to reduce malnutrition in patients with AN. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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