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| 2. |
- Emami, A, et al.
(författare)
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A sociocultural health model for late-in-life immigrants
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 1043-6596. ; 12:1, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study develops a sociocultural health and illness model for Iranian late-in-life immigrants in Sweden by analyzing ways in which they perceive, experience, and explain their health situations. Fifteen Iranian immigrants, ages 55 to 80, were interviewed; data were analyzed using the interpretive-phenomenology method. The interviews revealed the following concepts: Reflections on the meaning of health were interpreted as cultural understanding of health. Reflections expressing knowledge about preventing illness and maintaining health were interpreted as proposed strategies and beliefs. Reflections expressing how to prevent illness and maintain health were interpreted as practical strategies, which were based on understanding of cultures and were contingent on immigration. Health care providers might use the resulting model to assist patients and families in appropriating cures and symptom management to support patients’ sense of well-being.
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| 3. |
- Emami, A, et al.
(författare)
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An ethnographic study of a day care center for Iranian immigrant seniors
- 2000
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - THOUSAND OAKS : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 22:2, s. 169-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-in-life immigrants are often at risk for psychological stress and social isolation because of language problems, small social networks, and cultural differences from the host society. Community intervention programs can reduce such stress and isolation. In this article, the authors describe a Swedish municipality's culturally appropriate intervention program for elderly Iranian immigrants based on ethnographic data gathered during a 12 month period The description includes the activities provided by the program and the experiences of the elderly Iranian immigrants who participate regularly in these activities. The findings document the positive impact of regular participation in the center's activities on the elders' well-being and health.
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| 4. |
- Emami, A, et al.
(författare)
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Health as continuity and balance in life
- 2000
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Ingår i: Western Journal of Nursing Research. - THOUSAND OAKS : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0193-9459 .- 1552-8456. ; 22:7, s. 812-825
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on immigrant health emphasizes that the elderly are more vulnerable than other age groups in many immigrant populations. This study describes the meanings of health, illness, and disease for Iranian elderly immigrants in Sweden and their relationships with life disruptions. Analysis of interviews using an interprerive-phenomenological method illustrates that the participants experience health as continuity and balance in life. Any disruption of this balance creates a sense of illness that is only partially related to the emergence of disease. Participants did nor view health and disease as polarized. Rather disease is just one component among many that may disrupt the experience of health. Health is perceived as a sense of well-being, can be achieved in spite of disease, and can be disrupted even in the absence of disease. This description of the meaning of health, disease, and illness contrasts with the Western biomedical perspective and is similar in its holism to various non-Western medical systems and complementary approaches. This knowledge can foster more culturally sensitive care.
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| 7. |
- Emami, N., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of light power density variations on bulk curing properties of dental composites
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 31:3, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The hypothesis that low light intensity and long but sufficient curing time can produce composites with volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion (DC%) and Young's modulus (E-modulus) comparable to those of high light intensity cured composite was tested, when the contraction strain and heat generation were lower with Low Light intensity curing. Methods. Dental composites (Z100 and Z250, 3M ESPE) were investigated. Specimens were cured with Light intensities of 200, 450 and 800 mW/cm(2) for 140, 60 and 35 s from a distance of 7 mm. Strain-gages were used for contraction strain measurements. DC% was measured at the top and the bottom of 4 mm thick samples using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water displacement method. E-modulus was determined in tension on composite specimens. Results. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests and regular t-test. Polymerization stress Level decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when cured with 200 mW/cm(2) rather than with 800 mW/cm(2). Temperature rises were significantly different (p < 0.05) for different composites and light intensity values. Reduction in light intensity did not decrease the DC% values significantly at the top surfaces. The most dramatic differences existed between top and bottom surfaces (p < 0.05) rather than among curing groups. Measured E-modulus and volumetric shrinkage values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between different light intensity groups. Conclusion. DC%, E-modulus and the volumetric shrinkage values in cured composites were not affected by low Light intensity, however, the contraction strain and polymerization's exotherm were decreased. Thus our results support the proposed hypothesis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Emami, Nazanin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of light power density variations on bulk curing properties of dental composites
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 31:3, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The hypothesis that low light intensity and long but sufficient curing time can produce composites with volumetric shrinkage, degree of conversion (DC%) and Young's modulus (E-modulus) comparable to those of high light intensity cured composite was tested, when the contraction strain and heat generation were lower with low light intensity curing. Methods. Dental composites (Z100 and Z250, 3M ESPE) were investigated. Specimens were cured with light intensities of 200, 450 and 800 mW/cm2 for 140, 60 and 35 s from a distance of 7 mm. Strain-gages were used for contraction strain measurements. DC% was measured at the top and the bottom of 4 mm thick samples using FT-Raman spectroscopy. Volumetric polymerization shrinkage was determined using a water displacement method. E-modulus was determined in tension on composite specimens. Results. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests and regular t-test. Polymerization stress level decreased significantly (p<0.05) when cured with 200 mW/cm2 rather than with 800 mW/cm2. Temperature rises were significantly different (p<0.05) for different composites and light intensity values. Reduction in light intensity did not decrease the DC% values significantly at the top surfaces. The most dramatic differences existed between top and bottom surfaces (p<0.05) rather than among curing groups. Measured E-modulus and volumetric shrinkage values were not significantly different (p>0.05) between different light intensity groups. Conclusion. DC%, E-modulus and the volumetric shrinkage values in cured composites were not affected by low light intensity, however, the contraction strain and polymerization's exotherm were decreased. Thus our results support the proposed hypothesis.
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| 9. |
- Emami, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic design and analysis of fuzzy-logic control and application to robotics : Part II. Control
- 2000
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Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - 0921-8890 .- 1872-793X. ; 33:2-3, s. 89-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper (Part II) follows the task of systematic synthesis and analysis of fuzzy-logic control (FLC) systems introduced in Part I [M.R. Emami, et al., Robotics and Autonomous Systems 33 (2000) 65–88]. First, a generalized formulation of the sliding mode control is obtained for a class of nonlinear multi-input–multi-output systems. This formulation has two distinguishing features that are necessary for the formulation of the proposed approach: (i) it is applicable to “black box” systems with no need to identify the internal parameters or to assume a specific structure; (ii) it is possible to design the robust controller for each system state independently while the stability and robustness of the entire system is guaranteed. The robust fuzzy control rules are designed based on the generalized formulation to guarantee the stability and satisfactory system performance. The proposed FLC has been applied to trajectory control of the four degree-of-freedom IRIS arm (Emami et al., 2000), and was compared with high-gain PID controllers. A superior tracking performance was achieved.
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| 10. |
- Emami, Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic design and analysis of fuzzy-logic control and application to robotics : Part 1. Modeling
- 2000
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Ingår i: Robotics and Autonomous Systems. - 0921-8890 .- 1872-793X. ; 33:2-3, s. 65-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic methodology for synthesis and analysis of fuzzy-logic controllers is proposed in this paper (Part I) and its follow up (Part II) [M.R. Emami, et al., Robotics and Autonomous Systems 33 (2000) 89–108]. A robust model-based control structure is suggested that includes a fuzzy-logic inverse dynamics model and several robust fuzzy control rules. The model encapsulates the knowledge of the system dynamics in the form of IF–THEN rules. The paper focuses on how to obtain this knowledge systematically from the input–output data of a complex system; one that is ill-defined or contains complicated phenomena that are difficult to interpret analytically. All practical steps, from data acquisition to model validation, are illustrated using a four degree-of-freedom robot manipulator. Comparing the results with those of a complete analytical model and a heuristic fuzzy modeling technique illustrates the strength of the proposed methodology in terms of capturing effects that are difficult to model. In the follow-up paper, this model is used in the proposed control structure.
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