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- Ghezeljeh, T. N., et al.
(författare)
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Gender specific variations in the description, intensity and location of Angina Pectoris: A cross-sectional study
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - 0020-7489. ; 47:8, s. 965-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Some research suggests that men and women may experience Angina Pectoris (AP) differently. More research is needed to characterize AP symptoms by gender and to familiarize health care providers with them, to enable proper education, diagnostic evaluation and timely management. OBJECTIVE: This study examines gender differences in the description, intensity and location of AP in patients with CHD. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed to compare AP patients according to gender. SETTINGS: This study was performed on patients residing in Tehran, who were being treated in a hospital and were admitted to cardiac units. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred patients with AP were selected. The participants were patients with AP who were diagnosed with CHD based on documented results from an angiography. METHOD: Outpatients who were admitted to the cardiac units were screened. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants, who then completed the Iranian version of the AP characteristics questionnaire. RESULTS: Women were significantly more likely to feel pain in the left arm and hand, odds ratio 1.5 (95% CI=1.0-2.1, P=0.04), left scapula, odds ratio 2.3 (95% CI=1.6-3.5, P<0.001), and neck, odds ratio 2.8 (95% CI=1.9-4.1, P<0.0001), while controlling for demographic and clinical factors. Women were significantly more likely to choose the possible pain descriptors for describing their AP and reported significantly greater intensity than men for all the pain descriptors. Significantly higher scores for sensory, affective, total and NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) scores were observed in women (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that gender remained a statistically significant predictor of pain scores and NRS, while controlling for demographic and clinical factors. CONCLUSION: Women and men differ with respect to description, intensity and location of AP. Educating the general public and informing health care providers about gender variation in AP may help to decrease delays in seeking medical care.
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- Shirazi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Contextualization and standardization of the supportive leadership behavior questionnaire based on socio- cognitive theory in Iran
- 2014
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Ingår i: Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. - : Iran University of Medical Sciences. - 1016-1430 .- 2251-6840. ; 28, s. 829-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Effective leadership is of prime importance in any organization and it goes through changes based on accepted health promotion and behavior change theory. Although there are many leadership styles, transformational leadership, which emphasizes supportive leadership behaviors, seems to be an appropriate style in many settings particularly in the health care and educational sectors which are pressured by high turnover and safety demands. Iran has been moving rapidly forward and its authorities have understood and recognized the importance of matching leadership styles with effective and competent care for success in health care organizations. This study aimed to develop the Supportive Leadership Behaviors Scale based on accepted health and educational theories and to psychometrically test it in the Iranian context.METHODS:The instrument was based on items from established questionnaires. A pilot study validated the instrument which was also cross-validated via re-translation. After validation, 731 participants answered the questionnaire.RESULTS:The instrument was finalized and resulted in a 20-item questionnaire using the exploratory factor analysis, which yielded four factors of support for development, integrity, sincerity and recognition and explaining the supportive leadership behaviors (all above 0.6). Mapping these four measures of leadership behaviors can be beneficial to determine whether effective leadership could support innovation and improvements in medical education and health care organizations on the national level. The reliability measured as Cronbach's alpha was 0.84.CONCLUSION:This new instrument yielded four factors of support for development, integrity, sincerity and recognition and explaining the supportive leadership behaviors which are applicable in health and educational settings and are helpful in improving self -efficacy among health and academic staff.
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- Emami, M. Reza, et al.
(författare)
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An outline of eDesign
- 2010
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Ingår i: ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Louisville, USA, 20-23 June 2010.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses the relevance of distance learning to the engineering design education. Some key characteristics of design pedagogy seem to fall beyond the scope of current content-based eLearning solutions, including contextual social and collaborative interaction and iterative experimentation. Consequently, an effective eLearning solution for design pedagogy must bridge the gap between the physical and virtual worlds by establishing a virtual collaborative community and providing students with remote access to software and hardware resources. The paper outlines a comprehensive architecture of the eDesign portal that integrates the traditional courseware technology with remotely-accessible hardware-in-the-loop simulation, eCollaboration, and virtual classroom and learning community. The required hardware and software for implementing the eDesign architecture are detailed, and a preliminary assessment of using the eDesign portal for a second-year design course is discussed. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2010.
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