| 1. |
- Back, Pär-Erik, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Markmiljöns skyddsvärde – En härledning med utgångspunkt i miljöetik och lagstiftning
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vid riskbedömning av förorenade områden ska riskerna som föroreningen utgör bedömas för olika skyddsobjekt, främst människor, markmiljö, grund- och ytvatten. I fördjupade riskbedömningar kan det även vara aktuellt att bestämma lämpliga skyddsnivåer för skyddsobjekten. Till vilken nivå vi väljer att skydda ett objekt beror i hög grad på objektets skyddsvärde. Vad detta skyddsvärde består av och hur stort det anses vara beror i sin tur på vem det är som gör värderingen och vilket miljöetiskt synsätt som tillämpas. När skyddsobjektet markmiljö ska värderas uppstår ofta många frågor och oenigheten mellan olika aktörer kan ibland vara stor.Syftet med publikationen är att tydliggöra vad som avses med begreppet markmiljöns skyddsvärde och beskriva vad det består av. Olika miljöetiska synsätt kan leda till att vår markmiljö värderas olika högt beroende på vem som utför värderingen. I syfte att skapa en gemensam grund för denna typ av värderingar har vi här valt att utgå från den miljöetik som ligger till grund för vår miljölagstiftning. Målet med publikationen är att presentera en härledning av markmiljöns skyddsvärde och ge en grund för hur man kan resonera kring flera av de besvärliga frågor som ställs beträffande skyddet av markmiljön.Rapporten innehåller också en allmän diskussion av skyddsvärdet men beskriver inte konkret hur markmiljön bör värderas vid ett enskilt objekt. Publikationen är med andra ord ingen vägledning i den bemärkelsen att den är direkt tillämpbar för värdering i verkliga projekt. Vår förhoppning är istället att publikationen kommer att utgöra en viktig grund för arbetet med att ta fram framtida vägledningsmaterial för ekologisk riskbedömning samt riskvärdering.
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| 2. |
- Enell, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Leaching and Passive Sampling To Measure the Mobility and Distribution between Porewater, DOC, and Colloids of Native Oxy-PAHs, N-PACs, and PAHs in Historically Contaminated Soil
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 50:21, s. 11797-11805
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different methods to quantify soil porewater concentrations of contaminants will provide different types of information. Passive sampling measurements give freely dissolved porewater concentrations (C-pw,C-free), while leaching tests provide information on the mobile concentration (C-pw,C-leach), including contaminants associated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particles/colloids in the porewater. This study presents a novel combination of these two measurements, to study the sorption and mobility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) to DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) in 10 historically contaminated soils. The PACs investigated were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated-PAHs, and nitrogen containing heterocyclic PACs. Observed C-pw,C-leach was up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than C-pw,C-free; implying large biases when C-pw,C-leach is used to assess bioavailability or soil partitioning. Sorption of PACs to DOC and POC was important for the mobility of compounds with log K-OW > 4. Average DOC/water-partitioning coefficients (K-DOC) correlated well with KOW (log K-DOC = 0.89 x log K-OW +1.03 (r(2) = 0.89)). This relationship is likely more accurate for historically contaminated soils than previously published data, which suffer from artifacts caused by problems in measuring C-pw,C-free correctly or not using historically contaminated soils. POC/water-partitioning coefficients (K-POC) were orders of magnitude larger than corresponding K-DOC, suggesting sorption to mobile particles/colloids is the dominant mechanism for PAC mobility.
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| 3. |
- Enell, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Risk management and regeneration of brownfields using bioenergy crops
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Soils and Sediments. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-0108 .- 1614-7480. ; 16:3, s. 987-1000
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The potential of phytoremediation, as a cost-effective in situ alternative to conventional technologies for remediation of contaminated brownfields, has often been pointed out. Yet, phyto-technologies have failed to find widespread adoption in practice. To gain social and commercial acceptance of these technologies, there is a clear requirement of field studies that provide information on success and failures. The aim of this study was to investigate benefits and potential risks with phyto-stabilisation on brownfields using bioenergy-crops. Materials and methods: Two field trials with willow (Salix Klara and Salix Inger) were set up aiming for phyto-stabilisation on metal-contaminated sites. By the use of a tiered risk assessment approach, the cultivation’s effect on ecological risks in different environmental compartments, such as soil, porewater and up-take to biota (including potential risks for wild grazers), was investigated before the cultivation was started and during following three growth seasons. Growth assessments were also made to evaluate the biomass’ potential revenue. Results and discussion: The risks to the soil fauna proved to be unchanged or declining. The uptake in the plants was, as aimed for, low to moderate, and the growth rate depended on the soil texture rather than the contamination level of the sites. The low uptake indicated a negligible risk for wild grazers. The field trials were accomplished using no, or low, amounts of amendments, minimum soil interventions, no, or very simple, weeding control and conducted at sites with low annual temperature. Despite harsh conditions, the biomass production was high enough to potentially provide revenue. Conclusions: This study shows that cultivation of brownfields using phytostabilising willow clones can reduce the ecological risks, improve the soil quality of the site and provide revenue if the biomass is sold for e.g. bioenergy production. By choosing phytostabilisation willow clones, potential risks associated with phytoextraction of metals, such as biomass combustion and food chain transfer of metals, were eliminated. Consequently, using bioenergy crops for phytostabilisation on brownfields can contribute to preserve and improve ecosystem services, create economic regeneration of these areas and at the same time be a sustainable risk management option.
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| 4. |
- Josefsson, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of polyoxymethylene (POM) - water partition coefficients for oxy-PAHs and PAHs
- 2015
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 119, s. 1268-1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are a class of ubiquitously occurring pollutants of which little is known. They can be co-emitted with PAHs or formed from PAHs in the environment. The environmental fate and risk of oxy-PAHs are difficult to assess due to a lack of methods to quantify their pore water concentrations. One sampler that can be used to determine freely dissolved concentrations of organic contaminants is polyoxymethylene (POM). In this study, POM - water partition coefficients (K-POM) were determined for 11 oxy-PAHs. K-POM values of 8 PAHs with similar hydrophobicities as the oxy-PAHs were determined for comparison. Results showed that log K-POM values ranged from 2.64 to 4.82 for the PAHs (2-4 rings), similar to previously determined values. LogK(pom) values for investigated oxy-PAHs ranged from 0.96 to 5.36. The addition of carbonylic oxygen on a parent PAH generally lowered K-POM by 0.5 to 1.0 log units, which is attributable to the presence of carbonylic oxygens increasing water solubility. The K-POM values presented here will facilitate simultaneous assessments of freely dissolved water concentrations of oxy-PAHs and PAHs in environmental media.
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