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| 2. |
- Fredriksson, Fanny, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Sutures impregnated with carbazate-activated polyvinyl alcohol reduce intraperitoneal adhesions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468 .- 1531-5037. ; 52:11, s. 1853-1858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intraperitoneal adhesions cause significant morbidity. They occur after peritoneal trauma, which induces oxidative stress with production of inflammatory cytokines, peroxidized proteins (carbonyls) and lipids (aldehydes). This study aimed to investigate if carbazate-activated polyvinyl alcohol (PVAC), an aldehyde-carbonyl inhibitor, can reduce intraperitoneal adhesions in an experimental model.Material and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 110) underwent laparotomy, cecal abrasion and construction of a small bowel anastomosis. They either were treated with intraperitoneal instillation of PVAC or were sutured with PVAC-impregnated sutures. Thromboelastography analysis was performed using human blood and PVAC. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-6 were quantified in peritoneal fluid. At day 7, bursting pressure of the anastomosis was measured and adhesions were blindly scored.Results: PVAC in human blood decreased the production of the fibrin-thrombocyte mesh without affecting the coagulation cascade. MDA, IL-1 beta and IL-6 were increased after 6 h without significant difference between the groups. PVAC-impregnated sutures reduced intraperitoneal adhesions compared to controls (p = 0.0406) while intraperitoneal instillation of PVAC had no effect. Anastomotic bursting pressure was unchanged.Conclusions: Intervention with an aldehyde-carbonyl inhibitor locally in the wound by PVAC-impregnated sutures might be a new strategy to reduce intraperitoneal adhesions.
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| 3. |
- Henstrom, M., et al.
(författare)
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Functional variants in the sucrase-isomaltase gene associate with increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome
- 2018
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 67:2, s. 263-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective IBS is a common gut disorder of uncertain pathogenesis. Among other factors, genetics and certain foods are proposed to contribute. Congenital sucraseisomaltase deficiency (CSID) is a rare genetic form of disaccharide malabsorption characterised by diarrhoea, abdominal pain and bloating, which are features common to IBS. We tested sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene variants for their potential relevance in IBS. Design We sequenced SI exons in seven familial cases, and screened four CSID mutations (p.Val557Gly, p. Gly1073Asp, p.Arg1124Ter and p.Phe1745Cys) and a common SI coding polymorphism (p.Val15Phe) in a multicentre cohort of 1887 cases and controls. We studied the effect of the 15Val to 15Phe substitution on SI function in vitro. We analysed p.Val15Phe genotype in relation to IBS status, stool frequency and faecal microbiota composition in 250 individuals from the general population. Results CSID mutations were more common in patients than asymptomatic controls (p=0.074; OR=1.84) and Exome Aggregation Consortium reference sequenced individuals (p=0.020; OR=1.57). 15Phe was detected in 6/7 sequenced familial cases, and increased IBS risk in case-control and population-based cohorts, with best evidence for diarrhoea phenotypes (combined p=0.00012; OR=1.36). In the population-based sample, 15Phe allele dosage correlated with stool frequency (p=0.026) and Parabacteroides faecal microbiota abundance (p=0.0024). The SI protein with 15Phe exhibited 35% reduced enzymatic activity in vitro compared with 15Val (p<0.05). Conclusions SI gene variants coding for disaccharidases with defective or reduced enzymatic activity predispose to IBS. This may help the identification of individuals at risk, and contribute to personalising treatment options in a subset of patients.
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- Pettersson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Upgrading the strength properties of sheets from hardwood high yield pulps
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pan Pacific Fibre Value Chain Conference 2018, Proceedings. - : Appita Inc.. - 9780975746998 ; , s. 142-147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current paper it is shown that tensile and compression strength of sheets from hardwood high yield pulps (HYP), which has been manufactured at a low energy input in refining, can be multiplied by improving the fibre-fibre bond strength and the number of contact areas between fibre surfaces in the sheet structure. At fibre surface treatment with cationic starch the properties are improved at almost preserved bulk (i.e., preserved density). Remarkable improvements are achieved at densification of the sheet structures by pressing in a hot press nip at temperatures well above the softening temperature of wet lignin. The former technique is above all to prefer in manufacturing of middle plies in paperboard composites, whereas the latter technique is of special interest in manufacturing of packaging papers with high demands upon strength. For instance, it is shown in the paper how tensile index on sheets of CTMP from birch (CSF 480 ml) can be enhanced from 20 to 50 kNm/kg and compression index (SCT) from 10 to 35 kNm/kg by the tested techniques.
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| 5. |
- Ruiz, VE, et al.
(författare)
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A single early-in-life macrolide course has lasting effects on murine microbial network topology and immunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1, s. 518-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children. Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences. Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression. A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression. Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology. Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.
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| 6. |
- Casen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Deviations in human gut microbiota: a novel diagnostic test for determining dysbiosis in patients with IBS or IBD
- 2015
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Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 42:1, s. 71-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDysbiosis is associated with many diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), obesity and diabetes. Potential clinical impact of imbalance in the intestinal microbiota suggests need for new standardised diagnostic methods to facilitate microbiome profiling. AimTo develop and validate a novel diagnostic test using faecal samples to profile the intestinal microbiota and identify and characterise dysbiosis. MethodsFifty-four DNA probes targeting 300 bacteria on different taxonomic levels were selected based on ability to distinguish between healthy controls and IBS patients in faecal samples. Overall, 165 healthy controls (normobiotic reference collection) were used to develop a dysbiosis model with a bacterial profile and Dysbiosis Index score output. The model algorithmically assesses faecal bacterial abundance and profile, and potential clinically relevant deviation in the microbiome from normobiosis. This model was tested in different samples from healthy volunteers and IBS and IBD patients (n=330) to determine the ability to detect dysbiosis. ResultsValidation confirms dysbiosis was detected in 73% of IBS patients, 70% of treatment-naive IBD patients and 80% of IBD patients in remission, vs. 16% of healthy individuals. Comparison of deep sequencing and the GA-map Dysbiosis Test, (Genetic Analysis AS, Oslo, Norway) illustrated good agreement in bacterial capture; the latter showing higher resolution by targeting pre-determined highly relevant bacteria. ConclusionsThe GA-map Dysbiosis Test identifies and characterises dysbiosis in IBS and IBD patients, and provides insight into a patient's intestinal microbiota. Evaluating microbiota as a diagnostic strategy may allow monitoring of prescribed treatment regimens and improvement in new therapeutic approaches.
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| 7. |
- Hesser, Hugo, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing intimate partner violence via the Internet : A randomized controlled trial of emotion-regulation and conflict-management training for individuals with aggression problems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 24:5, s. 1163-1177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate the effect of an Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT), which incorporated emotion-regulation and conflict-resolution techniques, on intimate partner violence (IPV). Another aim was to test the theoretical underpinnings of the treatment model using mediation analysis.Method: Sixty-five participants with aggression problems in intimate adult relationships were recruited from the community and were randomly assigned to iCBT or to a monitored waitlist control. Participants were assessed with standardized self-report measures of IPV or aggression (Multidimensional Measure of Emotional Abuse, Revised Conflict Tactics Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire), relationship quality (Dyadic Adjustment Scale), anxiety or depression symptomatology (Patient Health Questionnaire; Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener), at pretreatment, posttreatment (8weeks), and 1-year follow-up. Process variables (subscales of Dysfunctional and Emotional Regulation Scale and Anger Rumination Scale) were assessed weekly over the active treatment phase.Results: Robust linear regression analysis of all randomized participants showed significant treatment effects on emotional abuse relative to control at postassessment. Mediation analysis using growth curve modeling revealed that the treatment effect was partially mediated by changes in emotion-regulation ability. Controlled effects on secondary outcomes were also observed. Analyses of uncontrolled effects indicted that gains on IPV were maintained at 1-year follow-up.Conclusions: iCBT focusing on enhancing conflict-resolution skills and emotion-regulation ability has the potential to reduce IPV among self-recruited individuals with mild forms of abusive behaviour in intimate relationships. Emotion-regulation ability is potentially a key therapeutic process of change.Key Practitioner Message:Internet-delivered clinician-guided cognitive behaviour therapy is a viable treatment option for reducing intimate partner violence among self-recruited individuals with mild forms of abusive behaviour.For persons who display patterns of frequent and severe violence, other treatments are most likely needed.Emotion-regulation training is potentially a key therapeutic component that ought to be incorporated in interventions targeting IPV.
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| 10. |
- Maixner, F., et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori in ancient human remains
- 2019
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Ingår i: World journal of gastroenterology. - : Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.. - 2219-2840 .- 1007-9327. ; 25:42, s. 6289-6298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects the stomachs of approximately 50% of all humans. With its universal occurrence, high infectivity and virulence properties it is considered as one of the most severe global burdens of modern humankind. It has accompanied humans for many thousands of years, and due to its high genetic variability and vertical transmission, its population genetics reflects the history of human migrations. However, especially complex demographic events such as the colonisation of Europe cannot be resolved with population genetic analysis of modern H. pylori strains alone. This is best exemplified with the reconstruction of the 5300-year-old H. pylori genome of the Iceman, a European Copper Age mummy. Our analysis provided precious insights into the ancestry and evolution of the pathogen and underlined the high complexity of ancient European population history. In this review we will provide an overview on the molecular analysis of H. pylori in mummified human remains that were done so far and we will outline methodological advancements in the field of ancient DNA research that support the reconstruction and authentication of ancient H. pylori genome sequences. ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
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