| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Dramatic niche shifts and morphological change in two insular bird species
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colonizations of islands are often associated with rapid morphological divergence. We present two previously unrecognized cases of dramatic morphological change and niche shifts in connection with colonization of tropical forest-covered islands. These evolutionary changes have concealed the fact that the passerine birds madanga, Madanga ruficollis, from Buru, Indonesia, and São Tomé shorttail, Amaurocichla bocagii, from São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea, are forest-adapted members of the family Motacillidae (pipits and wagtails). We show that Madanga has diverged mainly in plumage, which may be the result of selection for improved camouflage in its new arboreal niche, while selection pressures for other morphological changes have probably been weak owing to preadaptations for the novel niche. By contrast, we suggest that Amaurocichla's niche change has led to divergence in both structure and plumage.
|
|
| 3. |
- Bachmann, L., et al.
(författare)
-
Systematics and biodiversity research in the era of genomics
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 45, s. 3-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On 5 November 2015, The Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters (DNVA) and the editors of the Zoologica Scripta invited to the one-day symposium ‘Systematics and Biodiversity Research in the Era of Genomics’. Some 80 scientists gathered at the premises of the DNVA in Oslo, Norway, to explore and discuss the current trends and future developments in the field of Animal Systematics. © 2016 The Authors. Zoologica Scripta published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Cai, Tianlong, et al.
(författare)
-
Near-complete phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the world's babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903 .- 1095-9513. ; 130, s. 346-356
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The babblers are a diverse group of passerine birds comprising 452 species. The group was long regarded as a "scrap basket" in taxonomic classification schemes. Although several studies have assessed the phylogenetic relationships for subsets of babblers during the past two decades, a comprehensive phylogeny of this group has been lacking. In this study, we used five mitochondrial and seven nuclear loci to generate a dated phylogeny for babblers. This phylogeny includes 402 species (ca. 89% of the overall clade) from 75 genera (97%) and all five currently recognized families, providing a robust basis for taxonomic revision. Our phylogeny supports seven major clades and reveals several non-monophyletic genera. Divergence time estimates indicate that the seven major clades diverged around the same time (18-20 million years ago, Ma) in the early Miocene. We use the phylogeny in a consistent way to propose a new taxonomy, with seven families and 64 genera of babblers, and a new linear sequence of names.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Fertner, Antoni, et al.
(författare)
-
Applications of Backscattering for the Study of Twisted Pair Transmission Lines
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 66:12, s. 5230-5237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenomenon of backscattering in copper cables has been recently observed and initially explicated. It can provide promising techniques to address the problem of loop diagnostic and maintenance. The backscattering is analyzed both in frequency and time domains. To demonstrate the practical use of the phenomenon, we estimate certain properties of the loop using wideband, high-frequency $\selevenf(f)$ measurements performed in the laboratory on real cables. The results corroborate the usefulness and accuracy of the investigated method.
|
|
| 8. |
- Fertner, Antoni, et al.
(författare)
-
Backscattering in Twisted-Pair Nonhomogeneous Transmission Lines
- 2018
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. - 0018-9480. ; 66:6, s. 2674-2682
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of the communication networks tends gradually toward exploiting higher frequencies, sometimes even reaching the lowest microwave band (P-band). As the signal bandwidth used for transmission over twisted-pairs increases, as recommended by G.fast and other broadband systems, new phenomenon was observed, namely, backscattering. Motivated by the measurements of copper cables in frequency band up to 400 MHz, we propose a novel backscattering model. It may be productively applied to the problem of loop diagnostics. The methods to accurately and reliable determine the relevant transmission-line parameters are sine qua non condition to appropriately exploit the potential of short-to-medium range access lines. In this paper, a recursive formulation of the frequency-domain response of the backscattering is used for a space-time characterization. To confirm the practical use of the finding, we evaluate the properties of a loop using wideband, high-frequency S₁₁ measurements of the real cables. These laboratory results confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.
|
|
| 9. |
- Li, Xinlei, et al.
(författare)
-
Shaped by uneven Pleistocene climate: mitochondrial phylogeographic pattern and population history of White Wagtail Motacilla alba (Aves: Passeriformes).
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Avian Biology. - : Wiley. - 0908-8857 .- 1600-048X. ; 47, s. 263-274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the phylogeography and population history of the white wagtail Motacilla alba, which has a vast breeding range, covering areas with different Pleistocene climatic histories. The mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit II gene (ND2) and Control Region (CR) were analyzed for 273 individuals from 45 localities. Our data comprised all nine subspecies of white wagtail. Four primary clades were inferred (M, N, SW and SE), with indications of M. grandis being nested within M. alba. The oldest split was between two haplotypes from the endemic Moroccan M. a. subpersonata (clade M) and the others, at 0.63–0.96 Mya; other divergences were at 0.31–0.38 Mya. The entire differentiation falls within the part of the Pleistocene characterized by Milankovitch cycles of large amplitudes and durations. Clade N was distributed across the northern Palearctic; clade SW in southwestern Asia plus the British Isles and was predicted by Ecological niche models (ENMs) to occur also in central and south Europe; and clade SE was distributed in central and east Asia. e deep divergence within M. a. subpersonata may reflect retention of ancestral haplotypes. Regional differences in historical climates have had different impacts on different populations: clade N expanded after the last glacial maximum (LGM), whereas milder Pleistocene climate of east Asia allowed clade SE a longer expansion time (since MIS 5); clade SW expanded over a similarly long time as clade SE, which is untypical for European species. ENMs supported these conclusions in that the northern part of the Eurasian continent was unsuitable during the LGM, whereas southern parts remained suitable. e recent divergences and poor structure in the mitochondrial tree contrasts strongly with the pronounced, well defined phenotypical differentiation, indicating extremely fast plumage divergence.
|
|
| 10. |
- Song, Gang, et al.
(författare)
-
A zoogeographical boundary between the Palaearctic and Sino-Japanese realms documented by consistent north/south phylogeographical divergences in three woodland birds in eastern China
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270 .- 1365-2699. ; 43:11, s. 2099-2112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimThe location of zoogeographical boundaries in eastern China has long been the subject of debate. To identify any north/south genetic divergence between the Palaearctic and Sino-Japanese realms proposed by previous studies, we conducted a comparative phylogeographical study involving three passerine species with wide latitudinal distributions in eastern China.LocationEastern China.MethodsTwo mitochondrial genes and three nuclear introns were amplified and sequenced. Population structures were analysed using intra-specific phylogeny, tcs networks, AMOVA and structure inferences. We tested for evidence of genetic barriers based on pairwise differences. Lineage divergences, demographic dynamics and gene flow between lineages were estimated using Bayesian methods.ResultsA congruent north/south phylogeographical divergence was identified for three species. A geographical barrier was inferred at c. 40° N in eastern China. The population sizes of the northern and southern lineages have both been stable through the late Pleistocene, while multiple divergences were inferred during the early and middle Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results suggest a general phylogeographical break in north-eastern China, coinciding with the Palaearctic/Sino-Japanese boundary. Physical blocking of the Yan Mountains and fragmentation of suitable habitat during glacial stages between the north and south probably acted together to provide long-lasting barrier effects. Our comparative phylogeographical approach demonstrates that the Palaearctic/Sino-Japanese boundary may represent a gene-flow barrier even within widespread species.
|
|
