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- Dellborg, Mikael, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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High mortality and morbidity among adults with congenital heart disease and type 2 diabetes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - 1401-7431. ; 49:6, s. 344-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. With improving prognosis the prevalence of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) is increasing. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a shorter life expectancy compared with the general population. We investigated, in a large national diabetes registry, the prevalence of ACHD in combination with T2DM to estimate the associated clinical risk, outcome and patient characteristics. Design. Data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) were linked with the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register. Results. 833 ACHD patients were matched with 5 controls each. ACHD patients had significantly lower body mass index or BMI, higher creatinine and were more sedentary as compared with patients with T2DM but without congenital heart disease. The overall mortality was 26.2% for ACHD patients as compared with 19.9% (P < 0.001) for the control group, and five-year mortality rates were 5.2 versus 3.4%, P = 0.014. Conclusions. Congenital heart disease and secondary risk factors for cardiovascular disease frequently coexist and the development of T2DM also in the ACHD population is not uncommon with an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 8%. Treatment of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with congenital heart disease could be considered secondary prevention given the relatively high morbidity and high risk for mortality observed in patients with the combination of ACHD and T2DM. © 2015 Informa Healthcare.
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- Eriksson, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
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Who Is Worst Off? : Developing a Severity-scoring Model of Complex Emergency Affected Countries in Order to Ensure Needs Based Funding
- 2015
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Ingår i: PLOS Currents. - 2157-3999. ; :November 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Disasters affect close to 400 million people each year. Complex Emergencies (CE) are a category of disaster that affects nearly half of the 400 million and often last for several years. To support the people affected by CE, humanitarian assistance is provided with the aim of saving lives and alleviating suffering. It is widely agreed that funding for this assistance should be needs-based. However, to date, there is no model or set of indicators that quantify and compare needs from one CE to another. In an effort to support needs-based and transparent funding of humanitarian assistance, the aim of this study is to develop a model that distinguishes between levels of severity among countries affected by CE.Methods: In this study, severity serves as a predictor for level of need. The study focuses on two components of severity: vulnerability and exposure. In a literature and Internet search we identified indicators that characterize vulnerability and exposure to CE. Among the more than 100 indicators identified, a core set of six was selected in an expert ratings exercise. Selection was made based on indicator availability and their ability to characterize preexisting or underlying vulnerabilities (four indicators) or to quantify exposure to a CE (two indicators). CE from 50 countries were then scored using a 3-tiered score (Low-Moderate, High, Critical). Results: The developed model builds on the logic of the Utstein template. It scores severity based on the readily available value of four vulnerability and four exposure indicators. These are 1) GNI per capita, PPP, 2) Under-five mortality rate, per 1 000 live births, 3) Adult literacy rate, % of people ages 15 and above, 4) Underweight, % of population under 5 years, and 5) number of persons and proportion of population affected, and 6) number of uprooted persons and proportion of population uprooted.Conclusion: The model can be used to derive support for transparent, needs-based funding of humanitarian assistance. Further research is needed to determine its validity, the robustness of indicators and to what extent levels of scoring relate to CE outcome.
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- Eriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Child health and place : How is neighborhood social capital associated with child health injuries?
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:Suppl_3, s. 41-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Child health inequalities can be explained by social determinants of health, including neighborhood social capital. Swedish research about place effects on children's health is limited. This project aims to contribute to knowledge on how neighborhood social capital may influence child health in the Swedish context. The overall research questions were: What is the incidence rate of child injuries in the living environments among boys and girls? What are the associations between neighborhood social capital and child injuries?Methods: Child injury data from the Umeå SIMSAM Lab were utilized, with data from all children 0-12 years of age, living in Umeå municipality during 2006-2009. Individual child injury and residential area data were linked to a neighborhood social capital index, where 49 defined neighborhoods were assigned a score from low- high in social capital, based on people’s perceptions about their neighborhoods. Individual, household and neighborhood demographic and socioeconomic variables (country of birth, educational level, income and family type) were also extracted from the Umeå SIMSAM lab. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze factors associated with child injury.Results: We observed 3930 injury events that occurred in the living environments, experienced by 24 000 children who lived in 14 767 households within 49 neighborhoods. The incidence rate of child injuries was about 72.5/1000 for boys and 60/1000 for girls. The odds for child injures was lower in neighborhoods with high social capital compared to neighborhoods with low social capital (OR 0.87 95%CI 0.80-0.95) after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors at individual, household and neighborhood level. The protective effects of neighborhood social capital were stronger for girls than boys.Conclusions: Neighborhood social capital may have a protective effect on child injuries and especially so for girls.Key messages:Neighborhood conditions have a significant influence on child health inequalities in the Swedish context, including inequalities in child injuries.Mobilization of neighborhood social capital might be good investment for reducing child injuries.
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- Eriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of neighbourhood social capital on child injuries : a gender-stratified analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: Health and Place. - : Elsevier. - 1353-8292 .- 1873-2054. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We designed a longitudinal retrospective cohort study to analyse the associations between neighbourhood social capital and child injures. Register data from the Umeå Simsam Lab in Sweden was used to measure child injuries and demographic and socioeconomic factors at individual, household and neighbourhood level. A social capital score from a previous survey was used to measure neighbourhood social capital. We conducted a three-level multilevel negative binomial regression analysis, with children (level 1, N = 77,193) nested within households (level 2, N = 10,465), and households nested within neighbourhoods (level 3, N = 49). The incidence rate of child injuries was lower in high social capital neighbourhoods. When controlling for factors at individual, household and neighbourhood levels, living in a high social capital neighbourhood was protective of injuries among girls, but not among boys. Promoting social capital in local neighbourhoods could be seen as a prevention strategy for injuries among girls.
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- Eriksson, Ove, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Concepts for Integrated Research in Historical Ecology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology: ThePast and Future of Landscapes and regions. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108420983 - 9781108355780 ; , s. 145-181
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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- Espes, Daniel, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic perfusion and its response to glucose as measured by simultaneous PET/MRI
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 56:10, s. 1113-1120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Perfusion of the pancreas and the islets of Langerhans is sensitive to physiological stimuli and is dysregulated in metabolic disease. Pancreatic perfusion can be assessed by both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the methods have not been directly compared or benchmarked against the gold-standard microsphere technique.METHODS: Pigs (n = 4) were examined by [15O]H2O PET and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI technique simultaneously using a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. The pancreatic perfusion was measured both at basal conditions and after intravenous (IV) administration of up to 0.5 g/kg glucose.RESULTS: Pancreatic perfusion increased by 35%, 157%, and 29% after IV 0.5 g/kg glucose compared to during basal conditions, as assessed by [15O]H2O PET, IVIM MRI, and microspheres, respectively. There was a correlation between pancreatic perfusion as assessed by [15O]H2O PET and IVIM MRI (r = 0.81, R2 = 0.65, p < 0.01). The absolute quantification of pancreatic perfusion (ml/min/g) by [15O]H2O PET was within a 15% error of margin of the microsphere technique.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic perfusion by [15O]H2O PET was in agreement with the microsphere technique assessment. The IVIM MRI method has the potential to replace [15O]H2O PET if the pancreatic perfusion is sufficiently large, but not when absolute quantitation is required.
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