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| 2. |
- Edman, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure assessment to alpha- and beta-pinene, delta(3)-carene and wood dust in industrial production of wood pellets
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 47:3, s. 219-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the study was to measure the exposure to monoterpenes (alpha- and beta-pinene and Delta(3)-carene) and wood dust during industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes. Additional aims were to compare the results from wood dust sampled on a filter with real time measurements using a direct reading instrument and to identify peak exposures to dust. Twenty-four men working at six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets and briquettes participated in the study. Monoterpenes were measured by diffusive sampling and wood dust was measured as total dust. A data logger (DataRAM) was used for continuous monitoring of dust concentration for 18 of the participants. The sampling time was approximately 8 h. The personal exposure to monoterpenes ranged from 0.64 to 28 mg/m(3) and a statistically significant (Kruskal-Wallis test, P = 0.0002) difference in levels of monoterpenes for workers at different companies was seen. In the companies the personal exposure to wood dust varied between 0.16 and 19 mg/m(3) and for 10 participants the levels exceeded the present Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 2 mg/m(3). The levels of wood dust during the morning shift were significantly (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.04) higher compared with the afternoon shift. Continuous registration of dust concentration showed peak values for several working operations, especially cleaning of truck engines with compressed air. For 24 workers in six companies involved in industrial production of wood pellets the personal exposure to monoterpenes was low and to wood dust high compared with the present Swedish OEL and previous studies in Swedish wood industries. Since the DataRAM can identify critical working tasks with high wood dust exposure a reduction in exposure levels could probably be achieved by changes in working routines and by the use of protective equipment
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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Dermal exposure to monoterpenes during wood work.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 6:6, s. 563-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dermal exposure to the suspected allergenic monoterpenes [small alpha]-pinene, [small beta]-pinene and [capital Delta](3)-carene was assessed with a patch sampling technique. The patch used was made of activated charcoal sandwiched between two layers of cotton cloth. Patches were fastened at 12 different spots on a sampling overall and at the front of a cap to estimate the potential exposure of the body. Fastening two patches on a cotton glove, one patch representing the dorsal side and one patch representing the palm of the hand respectively, assessed the exposure on the hands. Sampling was carried out during collecting of pine and spruce boards in sawmills and during sawing of pine wood pieces in joinery shops respectively. The potential dermal exposure of the total body was 29.0-1 890 mg h(-1) with a geometric mean (GM) of 238 mg h(-1) during sawing. During collecting the GM was estimated to 100 mg h(-1) with a range of 12.2-959 mg h(-1). The hands had a mean exposure of 9.24 mg h(-1) during sawing and 3.25 mg h(-1) during collecting respectively. The good correlation between the mass of contamination on the individual body parts and the potential body exposure indicates that sampling can be performed on one body part to give a good estimation of the potential body exposure. Monoterpenes were detected at patches fastened underneath the protective clothing indicating a contamination of the skin of the worker. The patch used may overestimate the dermal exposure.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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Dermal exposure to styrene in the fibreglass reinforced plastics industry.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 48:3, s. 203-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the potential dermal exposure to styrene in the fibreglass reinforced plastics industry. METHODS: Assessment was performed during spraying and rolling using a patch sampling technique. The patch was made of charcoal sandwiched between two layers of cotton fabric. Samplers were fastened at 12 different spots on a sampling overall, each spot representing a body area. One patch was fastened at the front of a cap. A patch fastened to a string worn around the neck assessed the exposure at chest level inside the clothing. Patches were fastened to cotton gloves at sites representing the dorsal side and the palm of the hand to evaluate exposure on these areas. Following sampling the patches were solvent desorbed and styrene was analysed by gas chromatography flame ionization detection. RESULTS: The potential body exposure for the participating individuals was between 544 and 17 100 mg/h with a geometric mean (GM) of 3780 mg/h. The legs, arms and outer chest in general had the highest exposures. The left and right hands had mean (GM) exposures of 344 and 433 mg/h, respectively. Styrene was determined for the patch at the inside of the clothing, indicating contamination of the dermal layer. CONCLUSIONS: The charcoal patch can be used to evaluate potential exposure to styrene. The results indicate that the dermal layer of the worker is exposed to styrene. Precautions should be performed to reduce dermal exposure.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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Dermal exposure to terpenic resin acids in Swedish carpentry workshops and sawmills
- 2004
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press. - 0003-4878 .- 1475-3162. ; 48:3, s. 267-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal exposure to the resin acids abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid during collecting in sawmills and during sawing in carpentry workshops, respectively. METHODS: Sampling was performed by fastening patches at 12 different areas on a sampling overall, one patch on the front of a cap, one patch on the chest inside the clothing and one patch on the inner lower right leg. Exposure of the hands was assessed by fastening patches on cotton gloves representing the dorsal sides and the palms of the left and right hands. Sampling was performed on 30 different occasions in the sawmills and in the carpentry workshops with mean sampling times of 120 and 59 min, respectively. The acids were solvent desorbed from the patches. Identification and quantification of the resin acids was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The geometric means (GMs) of the potential body exposures to abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid during sawing and collecting of wood from pine and spruce were 3346 and 17 247 micro g/h, respectively. The GM of the potential exposure on the hands was 3020 micro g/h in the carpentry workshops and 4365 micro g/h in the sawmills. Resin acids were detected on the inner chest and inner lower front right leg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a potential dermal exposure to terpenic resin acids in carpentry workshops as well as in sawmills. The hands have the highest exposure during sawing as well as during collecting. There is a spatial distribution of contaminants, with the outer chest, arms and legs showing the highest exposures. Resin acids also contaminated the inner chest and inner lower leg. It is necessary to take action to reduce dermal exposure to these allergenic substances.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of melatonin in human saliva by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using stable isotope dilution
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. B. - : Elsevier. - 1570-0232 .- 1873-376X. ; 794:1, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for the determination of melatonin in human saliva has been developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS-MS). Saliva was collected in plastic tubes. 7-D-Melatonin was added as internal standard and the samples were cleaned and concentrated by solid-phase extraction. The limit of detection was 1.05 pg x ml(-1) and the limit of quantification was 3.0 pg x ml(-1). The accuracy of the method was +/-14% at 5.60 pg x ml(-1) and +/-9% at 19.6 pg x ml(-1). The precision was +/-13% at 6.18 pg x ml(-1) and +/-11% at 31.2 pg x ml(-1), respectively. Our HPLC-MS-MS method shows a high sensitivity and specificity for melatonin and more reliable results compared with a radioimmunoassay. The chromatographic method has been used to determine the circadian rhythm of melatonin among three nurses working the night shift and a patient suffering from an inability to fall asleep at night.
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| 7. |
- Herrmann, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of a duplex quantitative real-time PCR assay and the COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor test for detection of cytomegalovirus
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 0095-1137 .- 1098-660X. ; 42:5, s. 1909-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A duplex quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was designed to detect both the polymerase gene (pol) and the glycoprotein gene (gB) of cytomegalovirus (CMV). The detection limit of the qPCR was determined to be 1 to 3 copies/reaction and the linear measure interval was 10(3) to 10(8) copies/ml. The qPCR system was compared to the COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor test (COBAS) by an analysis of 138 plasma samples. Both systems detected CMV in 71 cases and had negative results for 33 samples. In addition, 34 samples were positive by qPCR and negative by the COBAS assay, but in no case was the COBAS result positive and the qPCR result negative. Thus, qPCR detected 48% more positive cases than the COBAS method. For samples with > or = 10(5) copies/ml by qPCR, a saturation effect was seen in the COBAS assay and quantification required dilution. Copy numbers for pol and gB by qPCR generally agreed. However, the reproducibility of qPCR assays and the need for an international standard are discussed. Discrepant copy numbers for pol and gB by qPCR were found for samples from two patients, and sequence analysis revealed that the corresponding CMV strains were mismatched at four nucleotide positions compared with the gB fragment primer sequences. In conclusion, a duplex qPCR assay in a real-time format facilitates quantitative measurements and minimizes the risk of false-negative results.
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| 8. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides : Influence of the timing of meal intake during night work
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nutrition and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0260-1060 .- 2047-945X. ; 16, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to study the postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides to meal intake at different clock times during night work. Eleven night shift working nurses participated. Identical test meals were ingested at 19:30, 23:30 and 03:30, and contained 440 kcal/ 1860 kJ of energy (33 E% fat, 51 E% carbohydrate, 16 E% protein). The food intake was standardized three days before the first test meal. Blood samples were drawn just before the test meals were ingested and thereafter at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. The postprandial responses were estimated as the total area under the curve (AUC) and significance testing was done using repeated measures ANOVA. The highest insulin level was found after meal intake at 23:30, and the lowest after meal intake 03:30. The glucose response showed the same pattern. The insulin response to food intake in night working nurses is more pronounced in the night compared with morning and evening. The results would have implications for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in night workers.
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