| 1. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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An Exponential Limit Shape of Random q-proportion Bulgarian Solitaire
- 2018
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Ingår i: Integers. - 1553-1732. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce pn-random qn-proportion Bulgarian solitaire (0 < pn, qn ≤ 1), playedon n cards distributed in piles. In each pile, a number of cards equal to the propor-tion qn of the pile size rounded upward to the nearest integer are candidates to bepicked. Each candidate card is picked with probability pn, independently of othercandidate cards. This generalizes Popov’s random Bulgarian solitaire, in whichthere is a single candidate card in each pile. Popov showed that a triangular limitshape is obtained for a fixed p as n tends to infinity. Here we let both pn and qnvary with n. We show that under the conditions q2npnn/log n → ∞ and pnqn → 0 asn → ∞, the pn-random qn-proportion Bulgarian solitaire has an exponential limitshape.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-
(författare)
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Comment on “The Evolution of Cultural Complexity : Not by the Treadmill Alone” by Andersson & Read
- 2016
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Ingår i: Current Anthropology. - 0011-3204 .- 1537-5382. ; 57, s. 275-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the end of their thoughtful target article, Andersson and Read conclude that formal models of cultural evolution are “useful but must be kept in perspective.” As a mathematician with a great interest in social science, I have some experience of working with such models. Based on this experience, I very much agree with the “but” part of the above conclusion. I see a clear tendency in the cultural evolution literature to put too much trust in the value of formal models.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Encoding of Numerical Information in Memory : Magnitude or Nominal?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Numerical Cognition. - : The Mathematical Cognition and Learning Society. - 2363-8761. ; 3:1, s. 58-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In studies of long-term memory of multi-digit numbers the leading digit tends to be recalled correctly more often than less significant digits, which has been interpreted as evidence for an analog magnitude encoding of the numbers. However, upon closer examination of data from one of these studies we found that the distribution of recall errors does not fit a model based on analog encoding. Rather, the data suggested an alternative hypothesis that each digit of a number is encoded separately in long-term memory, and that encoding of one or more digits sometimes fails due to insufficient attention in which case they are simply guessed when recall is requested, with no regard for the presented value. To test this hypothesis of nominal encoding with value-independent mistakes, we conducted two studies with a total of 1,080 adults who were asked to recall a single piece of numerical information that had been presented in a story they had read earlier. The information was a three-digit number, manipulated between subjects with respect to its value (between 193 and 975), format (Arabic digits or words), and what it counted (baseball caps or grains of sand). Results were consistent with our hypothesis. Further, the leading digit was recalled correctly more often than less significant digits when the number was presented in Arabic digits but not when the number was presented in words; our interpretation of this finding is that the latter format does not focus readers’ attention on the leading digit.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Moderators of the disapproval of peer punishment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Group Processes & Intergroup Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 1368-4302 .- 1461-7188. ; 19:2, s. 152-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have found disapproval of peer punishment of norm violations. This seems puzzling, given the potential benefits peer punishers contribute to the group. We suggest part of the answer is that peer punishers tend to come across as aggressive and as such may be viewed as more problematic than beneficial to have around. We used simple computer animations of geometric shapes to enact 15 precise variations of social sanctions against a norm violator. More than 1,800 subjects were recruited to watch an animation and judge the behavior and character of the animated agents. They also completed a trait aggression measure. Across the variations peer punishment was typically disapproved of, especially when severe or openly aggressive, and especially by subjects low on trait aggression. We conclude that there seems to be a social norm against peer punishment and that dislike of aggressiveness seems to be part of the reason why.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Procedural priming of a numerical cognitive illusion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Judgment and decision making. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1930-2975 .- 1930-2975. ; 11:3, s. 205-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strategy activated in one task may be transferred to subsequent tasks and prevent activation of other strategies that would otherwise come to mind, a mechanism referred to as procedural priming. In a novel application of procedural priming we show that it can make or break cognitive illusions. Our test case is the 1/k illusion, which is based on the same unwarranted mathematical shortcut as the MPG illusion and the time-saving bias. The task is to estimate distances between values of fractions on the form 1/k. Most people given this task intuitively base their estimates on the distances between the denominators (i.e., the reciprocals of the fractions), which may yield very poor estimations of the true distances between the fractions. As expected, the tendency to fall for this illusion is related to cognitive style (Study 1). In order to apply procedural priming we constructed versions of the task in which the illusion is weak, in the sense that most people do not fall for it anymore. We then gave participants both “strong illusion” and “weak illusion” versions of the task (Studies 2 and 3). Participants who first did the task in the weak illusion version would often persist with the correct strategy even in the strong illusion version, thus breaking the otherwise strong illusion in the latter task. Conversely, participants who took the strong illusion version first would then often fall for the illusion even in the weak illusion version, thus strengthening the otherwise weak illusion in the latter task.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-
(författare)
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Republicans Value Agency, Democrats Value Communion
- 2018
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Ingår i: Social psychology quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 0190-2725 .- 1939-8999. ; 81:2, s. 173-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on the theory of the Big Two content dimensions of social judgmentagency and communionthe author proposes that several findings about partisan differences in the United States can be integrated into one hypothesis: Republicans tend to put greater value on agency, while Democrats put greater value on communion. Moreover, on the basis of these values, Republicans and Democrats should judge their own groups as particularly superior on agency and communion, respectively. These hypotheses gained support in three studies on partisan values and ingroup bias, suggesting that the agency-communion framework may be useful for researchers studying how political groups differ in their worldviews, biases, and attitudes.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Social learning may lead to population level conformity without individual level frequency bias
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A requirement of culture, whether animal or human, is some degree of conformity of behavior within populations. Researchers of gene-culture coevolution have suggested that population level conformity may result from frequency-biased social learning: individuals sampling multiple role models and preferentially adopting the majority behavior in the sample. When learning from a single role model, frequency-bias is not possible. We show why a population-level trend, either conformist or anticonformist, may nonetheless be almost inevitable in a population of individuals that learn through social enhancement, that is, using observations of others' behavior to update their own probability of using a behavior in the future. The exact specification of individuals' updating rule determines the direction of the trend. These results offer a new interpretation of previous findings from simulations of social enhancement in combination with reinforcement learning, and demonstrate how results of dynamical models may strongly depend on seemingly innocuous choices of model specifications, and how important it is to obtain empirical data on which to base such choices.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The Chicken Braess Paradox
- 2019
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Ingår i: Mathematics Magazine. - : Taylor and Francis Inc.. - 0025-570X .- 1930-0980. ; 92:3, s. 213-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary.: The Braess Paradox is the counterintuitive fact that creation of a shortcut may make travel slower. As each driver seeks to minimize his/her travel time, the shortcut may become so popular that it causes congestion elsewhere in the road network, thereby increasing the travel time for everyone. We extend the paradox by considering a shortcut that is a single-lane but two-way street. The conflict about which drivers get to use the single-lane shortcut is an example of a game theoretic situation known as Chicken, which merges with the Braess Paradox into the novel Chicken Braess Paradox: meeting traffic may make travel quicker.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Using TIMSS items to evaluate the effectiveness of different instructional practices
- 2019
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Ingår i: Instructional Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-4277 .- 1573-1952. ; 47:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can instructional quality be measured using TIMSS items on how often certain instructional practices are used in the mathematics classroom? We focused on three instructional practices that have been the topics of longstanding debates in the educational literature: memorizing formulas, listening to the teacher, and relating mathematics to daily life. In a multi-level multiple regression analysis, we examined how class-level responses to these items predicted mathematics achievement. In Sweden, across four waves of TIMSS, relating to daily life was a negative predictor of achievement, whereas memorizing formulas and listening to the teacher were positive predictors. This was also the typical pattern of results across all countries participating in two waves of the international TIMSS. Our findings are in line with certain positions on the abovementioned debates. Although conclusions are limited by the correlational nature of the data, we argue that TIMSS is a promising tool for evaluating the effectiveness of different instructional practices. We also suggest several improvements.
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