| 1. |
- Bergman, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical metamorphosis of re-aerosolized urban PM2.5
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0021-8502 .- 1879-1964. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toxicity of particulate matter (PM) is dependent on particle physical and chemical properties and is commonly studied using in vivo and in vitro approaches. PM to be used for in vivo and in vitro studies is often collected on filters and then extracted from the filter surface using a solvent. During extraction and further PM sample handling, particle properties change, but this is often neglected in toxicology studies, with possible implications for health effect assessment. To address the current lack of knowledge and investigate changes in particle properties further, ambient PM with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was collected on filters at an urban site and extracted using a standard methanol protocol. After extraction, the PM was dried, dispersed in water and subsequently nebulized. The resulting aerosol properties were then compared to those of the ambient PM2.5. The number size distribution for the nebulized aerosol resembled the ambient in terms of the main mode diameter, and >90 % of particle mass in the nebulized size distribution was still in the PM2.5 range. Black carbon made up a similar fraction of PM mass in nebulized as in ambient aerosol. The sulfate content in the nebulized aerosol seemed depleted and the chemical composition of the organic fraction was altered, but it remains unclear to what extent other non-refractory components were affected by the extraction process. Trace elements were not distributed equally across size fractions, neither in ambient nor nebulized PM. Change in chemical form was studied for zinc, copper and iron. The form did not appear to be different between the ambient and nebulized PM for iron and copper, but seemed altered for zinc. Although many of the studied properties were reasonably well preserved, it is clear that the PM2.5 collection and re-aerosolization process affects particles, and thus potentially also their health effects. Because of this, the effect of the particle collection and extraction process must be considered when evaluating cellular and physiological outcomes upon PM2.5 exposure. © 2024 The Authors
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| 2. |
- Bergman, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
-
Physicochemical metamorphosis of re-aerosolized urban PM2.5
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Aerosol Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0021-8502 .- 1879-1964. ; 181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The toxicity of particulate matter (PM) is dependent on particle physical and chemical properties and is commonly studied using in vivo and in vitro approaches. PM to be used for in vivo and in vitro studies is often collected on filters and then extracted from the filter surface using a solvent. During extraction and further PM sample handling, particle properties change, but this is often neglected in toxicology studies, with possible implications for health effect assessment. To address the current lack of knowledge and investigate changes in particle properties further, ambient PM with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was collected on filters at an urban site and extracted using a standard methanol protocol. After extraction, the PM was dried, dispersed in water and subsequently nebulized. The resulting aerosol properties were then compared to those of the ambient PM2.5. The number size distribution for the nebulized aerosol resembled the ambient in terms of the main mode diameter, and >90 % of particle mass in the nebulized size distribution was still in the PM2.5 range. Black carbon made up a similar fraction of PM mass in nebulized as in ambient aerosol. The sulfate content in the nebulized aerosol seemed depleted and the chemical composition of the organic fraction was altered, but it remains unclear to what extent other non-refractory components were affected by the extraction process. Trace elements were not distributed equally across size fractions, neither in ambient nor nebulized PM. Change in chemical form was studied for zinc, copper and iron. The form did not appear to be different between the ambient and nebulized PM for iron and copper, but seemed altered for zinc. Although many of the studied properties were reasonably well preserved, it is clear that the PM2.5 collection and re-aerosolization process affects particles, and thus potentially also their health effects. Because of this, the effect of the particle collection and extraction process must be considered when evaluating cellular and physiological outcomes upon PM2.5 exposure.
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, Eva-Lena, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Att lyckas med införande av utspridda skolstartstider – minska reseefterfrågan i rusningstid
- 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett sätt att sprida ut resandet i kollektivtrafiken under rusningstid är att införa utspridda skolstartstider. En svårighet med genomförande av åtgärder som sprider ut resandeefterfrågan är att många olika aktörer med olika ansvar och incitament berörs. Den här rapporten beskriver nyckelfaktorer för ett lyckat införande av utspridda skolstartstider med utgångspunkt i behovet att sprida ut resandet i kollektivtrafiken under rusningstid. Rapporten redovisar tidigare gjord forskning samt resultaten från en intervjustudie med aktörer som varit involverade i införandet av utspridda skolstartstider i Sverige. Materialet visar att en spridning av skolstarttider (och resandeefterfrågan) kan leda till minskade kostnader och en potentiell utveckling av kollektivtrafikmarknaden. Det finns således intressanta kostnads- och energibesparingspotentialer med denna åtgärd. Det finns även andra vinster såsom bättre sömn och hälsa för ungdomar. Samtidigt finns en rad negativa effekter och utmaningar som man måste vara medveten om. Dessa utmaningar är ofta kopplade till berörda elever, familjer och skolor. Det finns också utmaningar kopplade till själva införandeprocessen som måste beaktas och hanteras såsom incitament, målsättningar och kommunikation.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Eva-Lena, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Att lyckas med införande av utspridda skolstartstider : Minska reseefterfrågan i rusningstid
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett sätt att sprida ut resandet i kollektivtrafiken under rusningstid är att införa utspridda skolstartstider, något som har aktualiserats till och från de senaste årtiondena både i Sverige och utomlands. Skolans starttider på morgonen påverkar bland annat kostnaderna för kollektivtrafik och skolskjuts samt möjligheten att effektivisera trafikplaneringen. En svårighet med genomförande av åtgärder som sprider ut resandeefterfrågan är att många olika aktörer med olika ansvar och incitament berörs. Den här rapporten beskriver nyckelfaktorer för ett lyckat införande av utspridda skolstartstider med utgångspunkt i behovet att sprida ut resandet i kollektivtrafiken under rusningstid. Rapporten redovisar tidigare gjord forskning samt resultaten från en intervjustudie med aktörer som varit involverade i införandet av utspridda skolstartstider i Sverige. Sex olika fall identifierades i studien, och totalt 16 tjänstemän från regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter, kommuner och skolor intervjuades om införandeprocessen och utfallet. Genom att undersöka exempel där utspridda skolstartstider har införts bidrar studien till en ökad förståelse för denna åtgärd samt en kunskapsöverföring mellan regioner och kommuner.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on operating costs of adjusting bus departure times during peak-hour traffic in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : Elsevier. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979. ; 100:September
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cost of public transport has increased more than the supply in recent years in Sweden. One of the main cost drivers identified is peak-hour traffic. The major operating cost factors are the need for a large bus fleet for short periods during mornings and afternoons and the scheduling of drivers for shorter periods than the minimum working hour restriction. The objective of this paper is to study the effect of the number of buses needed (and hence the operating cost) during peak hours when adjusting the bus departure times. The study also analyses the increase in public transport supply and the number of boarding passengers if the cost reduction is re-invested. The analysis is based on case studies and simulated scenarios of possible adjustments in departure times for buses. The results show that by marginally adjusting the departure times, fewer buses are needed which leads to decreased operating costs. Further, the results show that the reduction in costs can be used to improve public transport in the area by expanding the supply of public transport in the long run.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Eva-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Ändrade skolstartstider för att minska resandet i rusningstid : varför är det så svårt?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 128-129
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rusningstrafik är ett välkänt problem som leder till höga utsläpp, trängsel och förseningar. I Sverige inträffar vanligtvis topparna i trafiken kl. 7-8 och kl. 15.30-17, vilket kopplas till start- och sluttider för arbetsplatser och skolor. Rusningstid är en av de huvudsakliga kostnadsdrivarna för kollektivtrafiken, med störst påverkan från behovet av en stor bussflotta och många förare som inte nyttjas fullt ut under resterande trafikdygn, samt användandet av större fordon än den genomsnittliga dagliga efterfrågan. De senaste åren har kollektivtrafikkostnaderna ökat mer än utbudet och tidigare forskning pekar på att en av de viktigaste kostnadsfaktorerna är den höga resandeefterfrågan i rusningstid.Det finns olika åtgärder med målet att sprida ut resandeefterfrågan under rusningstid, där utspridda skolstartstider är en av dessa. Det är dock svårt att hitta exempel på permanenta införanden. För att uppnå ett jämnare trafikflöde och en utspridd resandeefterfrågan är det nödvändigt att ha insikter om individuella resval, men också om hur organisationer kan införa gemensamma åtgärder. Kopplat till utspridda skolstartstider involverar det kommuner, regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter (RKM) och skolor, som respektive ansvarar för skolskjuts, kollektivtrafikplanering och undervisning. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera tidigare införanden av utspridda skolstartstider för att hitta anledningarna till lyckade eller misslyckade genomföranden. Detta genom att identifiera möjliggörare, hinder och incitament för de olika aktörerna, samt att hitta lyckade exempel. Fem fall där utspridda skolstartstider har införts har studerats, där representanter från kommun, skola och RKM har intervjuats. Ett tjugotal intervjuer har genomförts med skolskjutsplanerare, rektorer och kollektivtrafikplanerare. Intervjuerna var semi-strukturerade och utgick ifrån en intervjuguide. Exempel på frågor som ställdes är vilka möjligheter och hinder som aktörerna identifierat, om incitament hade använts som gynnade alla aktörer, kommunikationen mellan aktörerna, samt effekterna av införandet.Studien fann viktiga faktorer att ta hänsyn till för kommuner och RKM:er som funderar på att införa utspridda skolstartstider. En faktor är att ha en bra och genomtänkt kommunikation mellan de centrala aktörerna: kommuner, RKM och de berörda skolorna. En annan viktig faktor är att kontinuerligt involvera engagerade personer i implementeringsprocessen och att sätta upp ett gemensamt mål. Ett hinder för genomförandet är att det inte finns incitament för alla aktörer, till exempel att kostnadsminskningen delas mellan alla aktörer.
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| 7. |
- Lindmark, Ulrika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Health-promoting factors in higher education for a sustainable working life : protocol for a multicenter longitudinal study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - London : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization has highlighted the importance of health promotion for health service providers in order to ensure sustainable working life for individuals involved in providing health services. Such sustainability begins when students are preparing to manage their own future health and welfare in working life. It has been suggested that universities, employees and trainee health professionals should adopt or follow a salutogenic approach that not only complements the providing of information on known health risks but also favors health promotion strategies. This paper describes the study design and data collection methods in a planned study aiming to explore health-promoting factors for a sustainable working life among students in higher education within healthcare and social work. METHODS: This protocol describes a multicenter longitudinal study involving Swedish students on higher education programs in the healthcare and social work sectors. In 2018, the study invited students on seven education programs at six universities to participate. These programs were for qualification as: biomedical laboratory scientists (n = 121); dental hygienists (n = 87); nurses (n = 1411); occupational therapists (n = 111); physiotherapists (n = 48); radiographers (n = 60); and, social workers (n = 443). In total, 2283 students were invited to participate. Participants completed a baseline, a self-reported questionnaire including six validated instruments measuring health-promoting factors and processes. There are to be five follow-up questionnaires. Three while the students are studying, one a year after graduating, and one three years after graduating. Each questionnaire captures different health-promoting dimensions, namely: health-promoting resources (i.e. sense of coherence); occupational balance; emotional intelligence; health and welfare; social interaction; and work and workplace experiences/perceptions. DISCUSSION: This study focuses on the vastly important aspect of promoting a sustainable working life for healthcare and social work employees. In contrast to previous studies in this area, the present study uses different, validated instruments in health promotion, taking a salutogenic approach. It is hoped that, by stimulating the implementation of new strategies, the study's findings will lead to education programs that prepare students better for a sustainable working life in healthcare and social work.
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 9. |
- Nygren, Ulrika Svea, et al.
(författare)
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Team-based visits within Swedish child healthcare services : a national cross-sectional study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Interprofessional Care. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1356-1820 .- 1469-9567.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex healthcare needs can be met through effective interprofessional collaboration. Since 2014, Swedish Child Healthcare Services (CHS) include universal team-based visits with a nurse and a physician who perform such visits at the age of 4 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 2.5 to 3 years, as well as targeted team-based visits to address additional needs. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of team-based visits in the Swedish CHS and possible associations between team-based visits and contextual factors that may affect its implementation. A national cross-sectional survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire distributed to all reachable nurses, physicians, and psychologists (n =3,552) engaged in the CHS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary and multivariate logistic regressions. The response rate was 32%. Team-based visits were reported by 82% of the respondents. For nurses and physicians, the most frequent indication was specific ages, while for psychologists it was to provide parental support. Respondents working at Family Centers were more likely to perform team-based visits in general, at 2.5 to 3 years and in case of additional needs, compared to respondents working at Child Health Centers (CHC) and other workplaces. In conclusion, team-based visits are well implemented, but the pattern differs depending on the contextual factors. Targeted team-based visits and team-based visits at the age of 2.5 to 3 years are most unequally implemented.
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| 10. |
- Anandavadivelan, Poorna, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) scale
- 2020
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Ingår i: Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. - : BMC. - 1477-7525. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundReproductive concerns are common among young cancer survivors and include worries related to different aspects of fertility and parenthood. The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) scale is an 18-item scale with six dimensions, developed to capture a variety of such concerns. The aim of the present study was to describe the cultural adaptation of the RCAC scale into Swedish and evaluate its psychometric properties among young women who have undergone treatment for cancer.MethodsThe RCAC was forward translated from English into Swedish and assessed for cultural adaptation based on a two-panel approach followed by cognitive interviews with the target group. For the psychometric evaluation, a Swedish cohort of 181 female young adult breast cancer survivors completed a survey including the RCAC scale approximately 1.5years post-diagnosis. Psychometric properties were examined by analyses of construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity), data quality (score distribution, floor and ceiling effects), reliability and known-groups validity.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis yielded an acceptable fit (RMSEA 0.08, SRMR 0.09, CFI 0.92). Convergent validity was demonstrated by a negative correlation of moderate size (-0.36) between the RCAC total score and the emotional function scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30. Reliability measured with Revelle Omega total was satisfactory (0.73-0.92) for five of the dimensions, and poor for the dimension Becoming pregnant (Revelle Omega total=0.60); Cronbach's alpha showed a similar pattern. Known-groups validity was indicated by significant RCAC mean score differences (MD), reflecting more concerns among women with a certain (MD 4.56 [95% CI 3.13 to 5.99]) or uncertain (MD 3.41 [95% CI 1.68 to 5.14]) child wish compared to those with no wish for (additional) children.ConclusionThe translation and cultural adaptation of the Swedish RCAC has resulted in a scale demonstrating construct and known-groups validity, and satisfactory reliability for five of six dimensions. The dimension Becoming pregnant showed non-optimal internal consistency and should undergo further evaluation. The Swedish RCAC is recommended to be used in research settings for measurement of concerns related to fertility and parenthood in young women with cancer.
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