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- Parker, P, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in integrated assessment and modelling
- 2002
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Ingår i: Environmental Modelling & Software. - 1364-8152. ; 17:3, s. 209-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental processes have been modelled for decades. However. the need for integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) has,town as the extent and severity of environmental problems in the 21st Century worsens. The scale of IAM is not restricted to the global level as in climate change models, but includes local and regional models of environmental problems. This paper discusses various definitions of IAM and identifies five different types of integration that Lire needed for the effective solution of environmental problems. The future is then depicted in the form of two brief scenarios: one optimistic and one pessimistic. The current state of IAM is then briefly reviewed. The issues of complexity and validation in IAM are recognised as more complex than in traditional disciplinary approaches. Communication is identified as a central issue both internally among team members and externally with decision-makers. stakeholders and other scientists. Finally it is concluded that the process of integrated assessment and modelling is considered as important as the product for any particular project. By learning to work together and recognise the contribution of all team members and participants, it is believed that we will have a strong scientific and social basis to address the environmental problems of the 21st Century.
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, O E, et al.
(författare)
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Outline of Ascomycota
- 2004
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Ingår i: Myconet. ; 10, s. 1-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Mantsinen, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of ion cyclotron heating and current drive at omega approximate to 2 omega(cH) for sawtooth control in JET plasmas
- 2002
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0741-3335 .- 1361-6587. ; 44:8, s. 1521-1542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ion cyclotron heating and current drive at omega approximate to 2omega(cH) in JET deuterium plasmas with a hydrogen concentration n(H)/(n(D)+n(H)) in the range of 5-15% are analysed, comparing results of numerical computer modelling with experiments. Second harmonic hydrogen damping is found to be maximized by placing the resonance on the, low-field side (LFS) of the torus, which minimizes competing direct electron damping and parasitic high-harmonic D damping in the presence of D beams. The shape of the calculated current perturbation and the radial localization of the heating power density for the LFS resonance are consistent with the experimentally observed evolution of the sawtooth period when the resonance layer moves near the q = 1 surface. Since the calculated driven current is dominated by a current of diamagnetic type caused by finite orbit widths of trapped resonating ions, it is not too sensitive to the ICRF phasing. Control of sawteeth with ion cyclotron current drive using the LFS omega approximate to 2omega(cH) resonance in the present experimental conditions can thus be best obtained by varying the resonance location rather than the ICRF phasing. Due to differences in fast ion orbits, collisional electron heating and fast ion pressure profiles are significantly more peaked for a LFS resonance than for a high-field side (HFS) resonance. For the HFS omega approximate to 2omega(cH) resonance, an enhanced neutron rate is observed in the presence of D beam ions, which is consistent with parasitic D damping at the omega approximate to 2omega(cD) resonance in the plasma centre.
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| 7. |
- Alexanderson, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Depositional history of the North Taymyr ice-marginal zone, Siberia - a landsystem approach
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Quaternary Science. - : Wiley. - 1099-1417 .- 0267-8179. ; 17:4, s. 361-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sediment-landform associations of the northern Taymyr Peninsula in Arctic Siberia tell a tale of ice sheets advancing from the Kara Sea shelf and inundating the peninsula, probably three times during the Weichselian. In each case the ice sheet had a margin frozen to its bed and an interior moving over a deforming bed. The North Taymyr ice-marginal zone (NTZ) comprises ice-marginal and supraglacial landsystems dominated by thrust-block moraines 2-3 km wide and large-scale deformation of sediments and ice. Large areas are still underlain by remnant glacier ice and a supraglacial landscape with numerous ice-walled lakes and kames is forming even today. The proglacial landsystem is characterised by subaqueous (e.g. deltas) or terrestrial (e.g. sandar) environments, depending on location/altitude and time of formation. Dating results (OSL, C-14) indicate that the NTZ was initiated ca. 80 kyr BP during the retreat of the Early Weichselian ice sheet and that it records the maximum limit of a Middle Weichselian glaciation (ca. 65 kyr BP). During both these events, proglacial lakes were dammed by the ice sheets. Part of the NTZ was occupied by a thin Late Weichselian ice sheet (20-12 kyr BP), resulting in subaerial proglacial drainage. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
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| 8. |
- Bengone, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of the negative giant magnetoresistance effect in Co1-xCrx/Cu/Co (111) trilayers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 69:9, s. 092406-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a theoretical study on Co1-xCrx/Cu/Co (111) trilayers, where a transition from positive to negative giant magnetoresistance effect has been observed experimentally, with increasing thickness of the alloyed layer. The theory, based on a recently implemented conductance calculation, reproduces quantitatively this observation, and the effect is found to be caused by alloying effects, due to a virtual bound Cr d state in the majority spin channel of the Co-Cr layer.
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| 9. |
- Colarieti-Tosti, Massimiliano, et al.
(författare)
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First-principles theory of intermediate-valence f-electron systems
- 2004
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 93:9, s. 096403-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a first-principles based method for calculating the electronic structure and total energy of solids in an intermediate-valence configuration. The method takes into account correlation effects (d-f Coulomb interaction) and many-body renormalization of the effective hybridization parameter of the f system. As an example, the formation of a pressure-induced intermediate-valence state in Yb is considered and its electronic structure and equation of state are calculated and compared to experimental data. The agreement is found to be excellent for both properties, and we argue that the developed method, which applies to any element or compound, provides for the first time a quantitative theoretical treatment of intermediate-valence materials.
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