| 1. |
- Borggren, Jonathan, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Human capital, skills and uneven intra-urban employment growth : The case of Göteborg, Sweden 1990-2008
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban Studies Research. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2090-4185 .- 2090-4193. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has elucidated the role of talents to explain urban growth differences but it remains to be shown whether urban dynamics, such as human capital and a mixed local population, can be linked to intra-urban employment growth. By use of a unique longitudinal database, we track the economic development through the lens of intra-urban employment growth of a number of primary urban areas (PUA) in Göteborg, Sweden. Regarding factors influencing employment growth we find that relative concentrations of human capital protect areas from rising unemployment during severe recession (1990-1993) and recovery (1990-2000) while the composition of skills is beneficial during recovery (1990-2000) and long-term growth (1990-2008). Our findings suggest that neither too high concentrations of creative occupations, nor too low, is beneficial. Thus, human capital drives much of the employment changes in relation to the recession and early transition from manufacturing to service but composition of skills is more relevant for explaining long-term intra-urban employment growth.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Madeleine, et al.
(författare)
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Staden på kartan
- 2014
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Ingår i: Provins. - Umeå : Norrländska litteratursällskapet. - 0280-9974. ; 33:1, s. 37-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För Umeå har utmärkelsen till kulturhuvudstad 2014 till stor del handlat om att bygga vidare på ett redan vitalt kulturliv, att försöka bli ännu bättre. Staden har genomgått snabba förändringar inför detta år, på ytan utan såväl som på djupet. Vad innebär dessa förändringar? Vad ska ett kulturhuvudstadsår vara och för vem? Kulturgeograferna Madeleine Eriksson och Rikard Eriksson skriver om Kulturhuvudstaden Umeå och om vad den kulturdrivna entreprenörsandan vill skapa för slags samhälle.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boschma, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market externalities and regional growth in Sweden : the importance of labour mobility between skill-related industries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Regional studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 48:10, s. 1669-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the relationship between labour market externalities and regional growth based on real labour flows. In particular, we test for the importance of labour mobility across so-called skill-related industries. We make use of a sophisticated indicator that measures the degree of skill-relatedness between all industries, and we employ actual labour flows between 435 4-digit industries within 72 Swedish functional labour market regions to estimate how labour market externalities are related to regional growth in the period 1998-2002. Both our fixed effect models and GMM-estimates demonstrate that a strong intensity of intra-regional labour flows between skill-related industries impacts positively on regional productivity growth, but less so on regional employment growth. Labour mobility between unrelated industries tends to dampen regional unemployment growth while a high degree of intra-industry labour flows is only found to be associated with rising regional unemployment.
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| 5. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Staying Power : What Influences Micro-Firm Survival in Tourism?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tourism Geographies. - : Routledge. - 1461-6688 .- 1470-1340. ; 15:1, s. 125-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigate how previous experience and location of entrepreneurs influence the survival of new tourism firms. The paper departs from recent evolutionary economic geography advancements, highlighting the importance of routines and skills as well as location-specific knowledge for firm success. While having been well-researched for manufacturing industries characterized by high entry barriers, little knowledge is currently available on the factors influencing survival rates in service sectors with low entry barriers. A quantitative approach applies hazard models to investigate the survival rates over a seven-year period of a total of 133 new micro-tourism firms started between 1999 and 2001 in the four northernmost counties of Sweden. The geo-referenced micro-database ASTRID links information on firm features (e.g. firm births and deaths, spatial coordinates and industry codes) to characteristics of entrepreneurs (e.g. age, education, previous experience). The main finding is that entrepreneurs with previous work experience in related sectors are more likely to survive and, in this case, entrepreneurs without local experience tend to be less successful. We find no evidence that new firms operating in regions specialized in tourism have a survival advantage. Our analysis also indicates that surviving firms improve performance over time. The paper thus contributes new knowledge on the determinants of micro-firm survival in tourism.
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| 6. |
- Brouder, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism Evolution : On the Synergies of Tourism Studies and Evolutionary Economic Geography
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Tourism Research. - : Elsevier. - 0160-7383 .- 1873-7722. ; 43, s. 370-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) is receiving increasing interest from tourism scholars. EEG has proven to be a useful explanatory paradigm in other sectors, e.g., high-technology and creative sectors. There remains, however, a lack of theoretical discussion on evolutionary principles of economic change within relatively low-technology service sectors, of which tourism is a prime example. This paper introduces EEG to a wider tourism audience by presenting the core principles of EEG and how they relate to tourism studies. A selection of new research paths combining EEG and tourism studies is highlighted together with a number of latent research synergies which can progress both EEG and tourism studies. The paper calls for further empirical and conceptual engagement with EEG by tourism scholars.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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How do universities contribute to employment growth? : The role of human capital and knowledge bases
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 22:12, s. 2584-2604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to analyze whether employment growth is faster in regions housing a university compared to non-university regions. We argue that universities per se are less likely to trigger externalities that facilitate employment growth. Instead we propose that it depends on the concentration of different skills in that particular region. This is analyzed by running a number of OLS regressions, based on official data on municipal level from Statistics Sweden, on how concentrations of human capital, analytic-, synthetic- and symbolic- knowledge bases in Swedish university regions influence employment growth 2002-2008. The results indicate that presence of universities per se do not influence employment growth. However, the findings suggest that university regions with high concentrations of human capital and, in particular, with employees characterized by the synthetic knowledge base, show higher growth rates. This implies that the influence of universities on employment is greatest in regions with high concentrations of skills able to apply the knowledge created in universities. Consequently, the regional composition of skills needs to match the knowledge produced by universities for significant university-induced spillovers to occur.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Industries, skills and human capital : how does regional size affect uneven development?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 45:3, s. 593-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses how the composition of industry structures, skills and human capital is related to regional development in peripheral and central locations. We do this by means of OLS models to analyse the relationship between purchase power growth and employment growth between 2001 and 2008 as well as a selection of variables constructed via register data of the total population in Sweden. The analysis demonstrates an evident spatial division of post-industrial development that larger regions benefit relatively more from than smaller regions do. The empirical findings indicate that a transition towards more knowledge intensive sectors and a higher educated labour force has the strongest impact on development in the largest Swedish regions, while a transition from manual skills towards more creative skills shows only a positive relationship with development in medium size regions. Consequently, the paper argues that the recent appraisal of the knowledge based economy mainly benefits the largest urban regions, meaning that regional size is an important parameter when discussing trajectories of regional development and the adaption to contemporary economic development paths.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-
(författare)
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Localized spillovers and knowledge flows : How does proximity influence the performance of plants?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - Worcester : Clark University. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 87:2, s. 127-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of a unique longitudinal database with information on all plants and employees in the Swedish economy, this paper analyzes how geographical proximity influences the impact of localized spillovers and knowledge flows on the productivity growth of plants. Concerning the effects of spillovers, we show that the density of economic activities as such mainly contributes to plant performance within a very short distance from the plant and that the composition of economic activities is more influential further away. Regarding the influence of local industrial setup, proximity increases the need to be located near different, but related, industries whereas in-creased distance implies a greater effect of intra-industry spillovers. The analyses also demonstrate that knowledge flows via the mobility of skilled labor is primarily a sub-regional phenomenon. Only inflows of skills that are related to the existing knowledge base of plants and come from less than 50 kilometers away have a positive effect on plant performance. Concerning outflows of skills, the results indicate that it is less harmful for a dispatching plant if a former employee remains within the local economy as compared to leaving for a job in another part of the national economy.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Regional and industrial mobility of workers leaving mature industries : A study of individuals who exit the Swedish shipbuilding industry 1970-2000
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper follows the industry employment histories of all individuals at some point affiliated with the dismantling Swedish shipbuilding industry 1970-2000. We analyse the situation of the individual workers leaving shipbuilding through investigating to what extent they were employed at all, tended to move to related sectors inside or outside the region, and whether such moves were beneficial for the individuals. By cross-using German and Swedish data, our findings indicate a notable impact of regional industrial structure on the movement and success of individuals, and that individuals moving from shipbuilding to related sectors benefit more from moving than others.
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