| 1. |
- Ank, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Lambda interferon (IFN-lambda), a type III IFN, is induced by viruses and IFNs and displays potent antiviral activity against select virus infections in vivo.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of virology. - 0022-538X. ; 80:9, s. 4501-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type III interferons (IFNs) (interleukin-28/29 or lambda interferon [IFN-lambda]) are cytokines with IFN-like activities. Here we show that several classes of viruses induce expression of IFN-lambda1 and -lambda2/3 in similar patterns. The IFN-lambdas were-unlike alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta)-induced directly by stimulation with IFN-alpha or -lambda, thus identifying type III IFNs as IFN-stimulated genes. In vitro assays revealed that IFN-lambdas have appreciable antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) but limited activity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), whereas IFN-alpha potently restricted both viruses. Using three murine models for generalized virus infections, we found that while recombinant IFN-alpha reduced the viral load after infection with EMCV, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and HSV-2, treatment with recombinant IFN-lambda in vivo did not affect viral load after infection with EMCV or LCMV but did reduce the hepatic viral titer of HSV-2. In a model for a localized HSV-2 infection, we further found that IFN-lambda completely blocked virus replication in the vaginal mucosa and totally prevented development of disease, in contrast to IFN-alpha, which had a more modest antiviral activity. Finally, pretreatment with IFN-lambda enhanced the levels of IFN-gamma in serum after HSV-2 infection. Thus, type III IFNs are expressed in response to most viruses and display potent antiviral activity in vivo against select viruses. The discrepancy between the observed antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo may suggest that IFN-lambda exerts a significant portion of its antiviral activity in vivo via stimulation of the immune system rather than through induction of the antiviral state.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bengtsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Innovationer gynnas av både konkurrens och samarbete
- 2008
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Ingår i: Marknadsorientering. - : Liber AB Malmö. - 9789147088928 ; , s. 239-256
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- De myter som diskuteras i detta kapitel är att antingen konkurrens eller samarbete utgör det bästa receptet för att stödja innovationsprocesser.En orsak till att myterna fått så stor genomslagskraft är att konkurrens och samarbete sällan diskuteras kopplat till vad somutgör innovativa processer, nämligen förmogan att utforska och exploatera nya idéer. Det är därför viktigt att man avfärdar de båda myterna och istället inser att konkurrens och samarbete pågår samtidigt, så kallad coopetition.Både konkurrens och samarbete kan stimulera och försvåra innovativa processer om än på olika sätt under olika delar av den innovativa processen. I kapitlet visas med hjälp av några praktiska exempel hur olika kombinationer av konkurrens och samarbete stimulerar förmågan att utforska respektive exploatera nya idéer.
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| 6. |
- Brodin, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture Mechanical Modelling of a Plasma Sprayed TBC System
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Interfaces IV. - Westerville, OH, United States : American Ceramic Society Inc.. - 9780470457535 ; , s. 113-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thermal barrier coating (TBC) system subjected to thermal cycling will develop a microcrack partem near the interface between the metallic bond coat and the ceramic top coat. These small cracks link up and form internal TBC delaminations during repeated heating / cooling. After a longer time period, the internal delamination cracks will form a larger spallation damage, where the TBC is detached from the underlying material. Since cracks are initiated in multiple sites of the thermal barrier coating, the damage is initially considered to be governed by local stress conditions. The purpose of the present work is to compare experimental data with predictions of a physically based fatigue life model. The present study has been performed on plasma-sprayed TBCs where the interface geometry has been varied. In the present work, calculation of fatigue life is done for a number of cases under thermal fatigue loading. Different interface geometries are compared in order to understand the influence of variations in the TC/BC interface roughness on oxidation behaviour and thermal fatigue life. Thermal fatigue tests indicate that an increased surface roughness is beneficial from a fatigue life point of view.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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The Need to Document
- 2005
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Johan, 1969-
(författare)
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Heidegger och filosofins metod : Om den filosofiska artikulationens och den filosofiska insiktens karaktär eller En introduktion till fenomenologin
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Phenomenology is a philosophical method created by Edmund Husserl at the beginning of the last century. In general terms, phenomenology is a way of investigating meaning, where ”meaning” is the most formal concept describing the way the world (with its different kind of objects) is given in every kind of experience.The most influential development and modification of Husserl’s phenomenology is to be found in the works of his disciple Martin Heidegger. In Heidegger’s magnum opus Sein und Zeit we can read that philosophy in its most original sense is ontology, and ontology is only possible in the form of phenomenology.Heidegger, however, never gave a systematic and explicit account of the phenomenological method of ontology. The ambition of this study is to read the ontological investigation of the being of man (or the being of ”Dasein”) which Heidegger develops in Sein und Zeit, as an investigation which ultimate purpose is to give ontology its own methodological self-consciousness. More specifically, on the basis of Heidegger’s investigations into Dasein’s being, together with the explicit methodological discussions which can be found both in Sein und Zeit and in the lecture-courses Heidegger gave before and around the time of that work, the ambition of this study is to try to reconstruct and unfold a systematic analysis of Heidegger’s phenomenological method. This analysis is thus centered around questions such as: Given the fact that the philosophical research does not seek knowledge about something which can be found anywhere in the world, how does philosophy gain access to its own thematic ”object”? How does philosophy ground and prove? What characterizes philosophical knowledge? And most importantly: what characterizes that peculiar form of articulation and conceptuality which in a genuine way tries to mediate and generate knowledge about something which ”is” not?
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