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- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Synen på utveckling, förändring och ägarskap i svensk biståndspolitik – en tillbakablick
- 2022
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Ingår i: Hur förändra världen? En antologi omförändringsteorier i biståndet. - Stockholm : Expertgruppen för biståndsanalys (EBA). - 9789188143853 ; , s. 86-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Förändringsteori används idag mest som ett projektplanerings- och utvärderingsbegrepp. När detta begrepp här studeras ur ett historiskt perspektiv har diskussionen lyfts över projektnivå och till makronivån och kopplingen till de bredare utvecklingsteorierna.Texten börjar med en genomgång hur utvecklingspolitikendiskuterats och förändrats över tiden för att sedan se vilken effektdetta haft på biståndspolitiken och på de metoder som används föratt bedriva bistånd. Från en sådan genomgång dras följandeslutsatser.1. Sveriges bistånd har haft i stort samma övergripandemålsättningar de senaste 50 åren – med fattigdomsminskningsom kärna.2. Hur den fattigdomsminskning som man strävat mot ska uppnåshar utgått från olika utvecklingsteorier. Dessa utvecklingsteorierhar varierat under perioden, och det har funnits parallella teorier. Det är också så att olika aktörer kan ha olika syn på utveckling,och därmed utvecklingsteorier. 3. Förändringsteorier i biståndet är försök att formulera hur manpraktiskt ska kunna bidra till utveckling, oftast i linje med enspecifik utvecklingsteori. 4. Trots att utvecklingsteorierna varierat under åren har det funnitsen gemensam kärna som hela tiden lyfts fram – ägarskaps-perspektivet, att det handlar om hjälp till självhjälp.5. Trots att ägarskap hela tiden (i teorin) varit prioriterat så har det inte alltid varit helt lätt i praktiken integrera detta i deförändringsteorier som i praktiken styr givarnas genomförande.6. Oavsett utvecklingsteori så är en förändringsteori som inte tarsin utgångspunkt i lokalt ägarskap dömd att misslyckas. Detgäller även i en kontext där allt mindre svenskt bistånd går till enstatlig motpart, alltmer kanaliseras genom andra aktörer och därandelen lokala partners blivit allt större.
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| 2. |
- Wohlgemuth, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Effective Partnerships : A study on development effectiveness and Swedish civil society organisations
- 2020
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report was commissioned by ForumCiv to investigate how Swedish civil society organisations work with development effectiveness. At the same time, an effort should be made to identify obstacles and opportunities in the implementation of development effectiveness prin- ciples to find potential for improvements. The study was conducted through telephone interviews with 11 major Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). As this report is qualitative in nature, it does not go in-depth into whether each and every indicator has been fulfilled or not. Rather, it uses a more analytical approach to try to understand how each CSO deals with the overall principles and how CSOs relate to their partners in recipient countries. The interview questions therefore mainly deal with general principles of ownership, results, inclusive partnerships, transparency and accountability.The discourse on development effectiveness stems from late 1960s and the introduction of country planning which was based on the concept of ownership. Dur- ing the crisis years of the 1980s, a period of donorship prevailed but ownership was revived in the name of aid effectiveness in the early 2000s by a serious discussion in the OECD/DAC leading to the Paris Agenda in 2005. From that date, ownership has been back on the agenda for most of the time and is an important part of the international community’s and Sweden’s strategy of how to implement development cooperation efficiently.The Declaration from Paris in 2005, and later the one from Busan in 2011, defined aid effectiveness in five and four points, respectively. With the increased engagement of the CSO community after Busan 2011, the concept of aid effectiveness was found to be too narrow and there- fore changed towards a wider concept of development effectiveness. The eight Istanbul Principles agreed by the CSO community in 2010 list the original concepts ofmethodology and add a number of points more related to the content of aid such as equality, climate, and human rights. Development effectiveness is thus defined by a large number of principles.CSOs all take the concept of development effectiveness seriously and have introduced most of the principles into their strategies and working methodology. Devel- oping good partnerships with their counterpart organisations in recipient countries is the basis of their theory of change, making ownership possible and allowing for an entry point to beneficiaries and ultimate target groups for their work. Transparency and accountability are other important principles that are given high priority by all the CSOs surveyed and are under constant scrutiny. Harmo- nisation and alignment were less prioritised by most of the CSOs and would do well from increased attention.Two areas are more problematic and would benefit from more attention and work. The first relates to the ques- tion of reporting results and the relationship with Sida, where CSOs express the view that some issues require further discussion and clarification. The second regards the room for flexibility and innovation in a world full of problems and contradiction, such as shrinking space for civil society, nationalism, and global challenges such as the Covid-19 pandemic, economic recession, and climate change. If Sida or the Swedish government are not pre- pared to take any financial risk, CSOs, despite their best efforts, could face insurmountable challenges.In a complicated world with many global challenges, development effectiveness is more important than ever. To enable the honourable principles to be implemented, all actors have to cooperate and work for its proper im- plementation, and this requires dialogue, compromise, and flexibility.
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