| 1. |
- Magnuson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
X-ray fluorescence spectra of metals excited below threshold
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 68:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray scattering spectra of Cu and Ni metals have been measured using monochromatic synchrotron radiation tuned from far above to more than 10 eV below threshold. Energy conservation in the scattering process is found to be sufficient to explain the modulation of the spectral shape, neglecting momentum conservation and channel interference. At excitation energies close to and above threshold, the emission spectra map the occupied local partial density of states. For the subthreshold excitations, the high-energy flank of the inelastic scattering exhibits a Raman-type linear dispersion, and an asymmetric low-energy tail develops. For excitation far below threshold the emission spectra are proportional to a convolution of the occupied and unoccupied local partial densities of states.
|
|
| 2. |
- Öström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethylene on Cu(110) and Ni(110) : Electronic structure and bonding derived from x-ray spectroscopy and theory
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0039-6028. ; 559:2-3, s. 85-93
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bonding of ethylene to Cu(1 1 0) and Ni(1 1 0) is analyzed in detail using symmetry-resolved X-ray absorption (XAS) and emission (XES) spectroscopies in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations of geometric structure and spectra. XES, which probes the occupied valence states, reveals the formation of bonding and non-bonding orbitals of π-3d as well as π*-3d character. Additional mixing of σ and π states indicates rehybridization upon adsorption. The anti-bonding π-3d and π*-3d combinations are unoccupied and seen in XAS. A lower intensity of the π* transition for Ni is evidence of larger π* occupancy upon bonding. The position of the σ* shape-resonance indicates a 0.02 Å longer C–C bond on Ni than on Cu, in good agreement with the DFT structure optimizations. The XE spectra are well-reproduced both by specific spectrum calculations based on cluster models and by the carbon p-density of states calculated using periodic boundary conditions. The contribution of both π and π* levels to the new, surface-induced occupied states close to the Fermi-level lends support to the traditional Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson picture of the bonding. Theoretical charge-density difference plots support an alternative view of ethylene bonding in terms of the specific involvement of the excited molecular triplet state. Based on the variation in XE intensities the main difference between ethylene bonding to Cu and Ni is found to be an about two times larger occupancy of the π* orbital upon chemisorption on the transition metal, which comes along with C–C bond elongation and stronger σ–π rehybridization.
|
|
