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- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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DEROCA Project finished
- 2015
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In: Brandposten. ; :53, s. 25-
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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Innovativa elsystem i byggnader : konsekvenser för brandsäkerhet
- 2019
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det sker en snabb teknikutveckling i den elektriska miljön i byggnader, framförallt i våra bostäder. Ett exempel är lokal produktion av el, där solcellsinstallationer blir alltmer populära. Sådan elproduktion medför även förändringar i övriga delar av byggnaders elektriska infrastruktur, såsom DC-nät och i vissa fall energilagring i batterisystem. Utvecklingen sker till stor del som ett svar på behovet av mer hållbara lösningar, ur ett växthuseffektperspektiv, för vår elförsörjning, och förstärks bland annat av statligt stöd och ökad tillgänglighet på marknaden.Ny elektrisk teknologi kan leda till ökad brandrisk och denna förstudie har haft som mål att undersöka denna problematik. Metoden har varit workshops med intressenter och experter inom området, intervjuer, samt litteraturstudier.Av de studerade områdena förefaller solcellsanläggningar skapa störst utmaningar i framtiden om inget görs. Detta beror dels på bristfälligt regelverk men även på att dessa system är distribuerade i byggnaderna med flera delar som kan orsaka brand och att delar är exponerade för utomhusklimat vilket får stora konsekvenser vad gäller uppkomst av fel.Brandsäkerheten i samhället har sett ur ett långt tidsperspektiv väsentligt förbättrats. Detta har huvudsakligen drivits fram med hjälp av ett förbättrat regelverk, som ofta inkluderat förbättrade provnings- och kvalificeringsmetoder. En generell observation i detta projekt är att regelverket inte hinner utvecklas i samma takt som tekniken. Detta är en ofta återkommande utmaning inom brandsäkerhet, men gäller speciellt för de teknikområden som behandlas i denna rapport där utvecklingen går mycket snabbt, och de ingående komponenterna nästan uteslutande har stor inneboende brandpotential. Rapporten konstaterar att för att skapa ett relevant regelverk behövs tillämpad forskning, så kallad prenormativ forskning, inom prioriterade områden för att besvara de frågor som ställs vid formulerandet av nya regler och standarder. Exempel på områden som bör prioriteras är 1) komplettering av det än så länge magra statistiska underlaget för bränder i solcellsinstallationer med olycksutredningar, och studier av redan befintliga olycksutredningar, 2) studier av branddynamiken i solcellsinstallationer, såväl byggnadsapplicerade som integrerade, och såväl tak- som fasadmonterade sådana, 3) studier av ljusbågars uppkomst och hur dessa kan undvikas, alternativt hur det kan undvikas att de ger upphov till bränder, 4) skapa underlag för säker installation av batterilager, samt 5) kvalitetssäkring av så kallade second-life batterier, dvs. begagnade batterier, som används i batterilager.
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| 4. |
- Edelbro, Catrin, et al.
(author)
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European initiative on CDIO in raw material programmes
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of the 13th International CDIO Conference in Calgary. - Calgary.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of five Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KICs), was launched in Europe in 2014and has its focus on exploration, extraction, mineral processing, metallurgy, recycling andmaterial substitution of raw materials. To reach the vision, where the European Union’sindustrial strength is based on a cost-efficient, secure, sustainable supply and use of rawmaterials, a new generation of skilled people entering industry, universities and researchneeds to be developed. Today’s technical MSc graduates in raw materials and especiallyprimary resources (i.e. exploration, extraction, mining and mineral processing and metallurgy)best suits large companies where they often act as specialists and experts. For small tomedium enterprises as well as for our future engineers other skills than technical arenecessary. As a part of the KIC Raw Materials, the education project “The implementation ofCDIO in raw material programmes” started in 2016. The project focuses, during 2016-2017,on (WP1) faculty- and (WP2) pilot case development. There are no academic institutes inEurope that have yet applied CDIO for primary resource related MSc programmes. Thispaper describes an education project within the KIC Raw material and presents key outputswith implementing CDIO in mining and metallurgy related programmes.
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| 5. |
- Försth, Michael, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of the thermal exposure in the en 50399 cable test apparatus
- 2015
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In: Fire and Materials 2015, 2-4 Feb 2015, San Francisco, USA. - : Interscience Communications. - 9780000000002 ; , s. 23-37
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The EN 50399 cable test is used for classification of cables within the European construction products regulation. Means to predict a cables performance in this test, based on material data and small scale test results is of great value for the development of new cable materials. A first step in developing a prediction tool should be to understand the heat exposure on the cables in the EN 50399 test apparatus. The heat load in e.g. the cone calorimeter is very well characterized whereas for EN 50399 only the burner power (20.5 kW) is known. In the cone calorimeter the heating is solely by radiation, whereas for the EN 50399 test a large fraction of the heat exposure depends on feed-back from the cable fire. This paper presents a measuring method for characterizing the thermal exposure inside the EN 50399 cable test apparatus without cables and with a cable rated Euroclass Dca. A new instrument for measuring thermal exposure simultaneously in several directions was developed for the purpose, and thereby the non-isotropic exposure on the cables at different position on the ladder could be investigated
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| 9. |
- Försth, Peter, 1966-, et al.
(author)
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Motion Analysis in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis With Degenerative Spondylolisthesis : A Feasibility Study of the 3DCT Technique Comparing Laminectomy Versus Bilateral Laminotomy.
- 2018
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In: Clinical spine surgery. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2380-0186 .- 2380-0194. ; 31:8, s. E397-E402
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Study Design: This was a randomized radiologic biomechanical pilot study in vivo. Objective: The objectives of this study was to evaluate if 3-dimensional computed tomography is a feasible tool in motion analyses of the lumbar spine and to study if preservation of segmental midline structures offers less postoperative instability compared with central decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Summary of Background Data: The role of segmental instability after decompression is controversial. Validated techniques for biomechanical evaluation of segmental motion in human live subjects are lacking. Methods: In total, 23 patients (mean age, 68 y) with typical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings of spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis (>3 mm) in 1 or 2 adjacent lumbar levels from L3 to L5 were included. They were randomized to either laminectomy (LE) or bilateral laminotomy (LT) (preservation of the midline structures). Documentation of segmental motion was made preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with CT in provoked flexion and extension. Analyses of movements were performed with validated software. The accuracy for this method is 0.6 mm in translation and 1 degree in rotation. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected from the Swespine register preoperatively and 2-year postoperatively. Results: The mean preoperative values for 3D rotation and translation were 6.2 degrees and 1.8 mm. The mean increase in 3D rotation 6 months after surgery was 0.25 degrees after LT and 0.7 degrees after LE (P=0.79) while the mean increase in 3D translation was 0.15 mm after LT and 1.1 mm after LE (P=0.42). Both surgeries demonstrated significant improvement in patient-reported outcome measures 2 years postoperatively. Conclusions: The 3D computed tomography technique proved to be a feasible tool in the evaluation of segmental motion in this group of older patients. There was negligible increase in segmental motion after decompressive surgery. LE with removal of the midline structures did not create a greater instability compared with when these structures were preserved.
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| 10. |
- Girardin, Bertrand, et al.
(author)
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Characterization of thermo-physical properties of EVA/ATH : Application to gasification experiments and pyrolysis modeling
- 2015
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In: Materials. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1944 .- 1996-1944. ; 8:11, s. 7837-7863
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The pyrolysis of solid polymeric materials is a complex process that involves both chemical and physical phenomena such as phase transitions, chemical reactions, heat transfer, and mass transport of gaseous components. For modeling purposes, it is important to characterize and to quantify the properties driving those phenomena, especially in the case of flame-retarded materials. In this study, protocols have been developed to characterize the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) flame retarded with aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH). These properties were measured for the various species identified across the decomposition of the material. Namely, the thermal conductivity was found to decrease as a function of temperature before decomposition whereas the ceramic residue obtained after the decomposition at the steady state exhibits a thermal conductivity as low as 0.2 W/m/K. The heat capacity of the material was also investigated using both isothermal modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the standard method (ASTM E1269). It was shown that the final residue exhibits a similar behavior to alumina, which is consistent with the decomposition pathway of EVA/ATH. Besides, the two experimental approaches give similar results over the whole range of temperatures. Moreover, the optical properties before decomposition and the heat capacity of the decomposition gases were also analyzed. Those properties were then used as input data for a pyrolysis model in order to predict gasification experiments. Mass losses of gasification experiments were well predicted, thus validating the characterization of the thermo-physical properties of the material. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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