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| 3. |
- Berggren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Extremely long recovery time for the sedative effect of clonidine in male type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects in full sustained remission
- 2002
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Ingår i: Alcohol. - 0741-8329. ; 28, s. 181-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible relation between alpha-2-adrenoceptor function - as assessed by changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, as well as level of sedation, after administration of clonidine (2.0 μg/kg, i.v.) - and length of time of alcohol dependence or duration of remission was investigated in 17 male subjects with alcohol dependence in full sustained remission. Six healthy males were used as control subjects. The clonidine-induced scores for level of sedation were found to correlate with duration of time in remission (r = 0.60; P < .02). Median split of duration of remission revealed that subjects with short-term (2 ± 1 years) duration of remission had significantly lower scores for clonidine-induced level of sedation than the scores for both subjects with long-term (12 ± 5 years) duration of remission (P < .004) and control subjects (P < .02). There was also a significant correlation between duration of remission and values for clonidine-induced reduction of systolic blood pressure (r = 0.51; P < .05). Results indicate an extremely long recovery period in some aspects of alpha-2-adrenoceptor function, especially for clonidine-induced increase in level of sedation, with a normalization time of 4 to 5 years. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Is long-term heavy alcohol consumption toxic for brain serotonergic neurons? Relationship between years of excessive alcohol consumption and serotonergic neurotransmission.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Drug and alcohol dependence. - 0376-8716. ; 65:2, s. 159-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between years of excessive alcohol consumption and central serotonergic neurotransmission, as assessed by the prolactin (PRL) response to D-fenfluramine, was investigated in 22 male alcohol-dependent subjects. A negative correlation was obtained, that is, the longer duration of excessive alcohol consumption the lower PRL response to D-fenfluramine. It is therefore suggested that long duration of excessive alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent subjects causes a reduction in central serotonergic neurotransmission, possibly by a toxic effect of alcohol on serotonin neurons. The relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms during on-going drinking and the PRL response to D-fenfluramine was also investigated. No such correlations were obtained, suggesting that reduction in central serotonergic neurotransmission does not pre-dispose to the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms, at least in relation to on-going drinking in alcohol-dependent subjects.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet monoamine oxidase-B activity in type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects in sustained full remission.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - 0735-0414. ; 37:4, s. 340-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated platelet monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity in male alcohol-dependent subjects in sustained full remission (minimum 1 year), to exclude possible transient changes in platelet MAO-B activity, which occur up to several months after the end of alcohol intake.MAO-B activity was examined in 16 alcohol-dependent subjects, characterized as type 1 alcoholics, with an abstinence period of 6 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) and in 12 healthy controls.The long-term abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects did not differ from controls in platelet MAO-B activity.Type 1 male alcohol-dependent subjects appear to have normal platelet MAO-B activity. The possibility, however, cannot be excluded that type 2 long-term abstinent alcoholics may have lower platelet MAO-B activity.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Ulf, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet monoamine oxidase B in family history positive and family history negative type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire). - 0735-0414. ; 37:6, s. 577-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity was investigated in 76 male type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects with and without a family history of alcoholism.Platelet MAO-B activity did not differ between family history positive (FHP) and family history negative alcohol-dependent subjects. The smoking status of the subjects was registered and there was still no difference between the groups when possible effects of smoking were taken into account. It should, however, be noted that platelet MAO-B activity was lower in alcohol-dependent subjects with three or four alcohol-dependent first-degree relatives.Although this latter finding should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of subjects, it cannot be excluded that FHP alcohol-dependent subjects with a large number of alcohol-dependent first-degree relatives may have lower platelet MAO-B activity.
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| 7. |
- Berggren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between central serotonergic neurotransmission and reduction in alcohol intake by citalopram
- 2001
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - 0376-8716. ; 63, s. 263-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between the effect of citalopram on alcohol intake and central serotonergic neurotransmission, as assessed by prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine, was investigated in 17 male heavy drinkers. A positive correlation was obtained, suggesting that the status of central serotonergic neurotransmission in individuals is associated with the treatment response to citalopram. When the group of subjects were divided into those with high and low PRL response (above and below median, respectively) to fenfluramine, those with high PRL response had a significant reduction in alcohol intake during citalopram treatment, whereas those with low PRL response had no such effect. Thus, in subjects with evidence of unimpaired or only slightly impaired central serotonergic neurotransmission (high PRL response) citalopram may have beneficial effect on alcohol consumption, whereas in those with more evidently impaired serotonergic neurotransmission (low PRL response) citalopram treatment may have no effect on or may even increase the alcohol consumption. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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| 9. |
- Berggren, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Subnormal alpha-2-adrenoceptor-mediated sedation during 6 months of sobriety in male type 1 alcohol-dependent subjects
- 2003
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 38, s. 321-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: In the present study, α2-adrenoceptor function was investigated over 6 months of sobriety in eight male alcohol-dependent subjects. Methods: Subjects were investigated with repeated clonidine (CLON, 2 μg/kg body weight intravenously) challenge tests at days 1 and 7, and months 2 and 6 after the end of a period of heavy alcohol intake. CLON-induced sedation was rated at challenge tests. Mental well-being was self-reported before all challenge tests. Three challenge tests were performed at 1-week intervals in six male healthy controls. Results: Sedation was significantly lower after CLON at all time-points for the challenge tests in alcohol-dependent subjects compared with mean values for three challenge tests in controls. Three dimensions of mental well-being were negatively correlated with scores of CLON-induced sedation at month 6. Conclusions: α2-Adrenoceptor function is subnormal, as assessed by CLON-induced sedation, for at least 6 months after termination of alcohol intake. Whether this subnormal receptor function is pre-existing and possibly genetically determined or is a consequence of long-term alcohol intake must be further investigated, as should this receptor status in alcohol-dependent subjects with longer time-periods of sobriety.
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| 10. |
- Berggren, U, et al.
(författare)
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Subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function in male alcohol-dependent individuals during 6 months of abstinence.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Drug and alcohol dependence. - 0376-8716. ; 57:3, s. 255-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Postsynaptic alpha-2-receptor function, as assessed by growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine (CLON), has been shown to be downregulated in patients investigated in acute but also in late withdrawal after heavy alcohol intake. The results are however sometimes conflicting. The question whether this changed receptor function is a trait or state marker is not fully investigated so far. A total of seven male patients with alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV were assessed for the postsynaptic alpha-2-receptor function with the CLON/GH test (2.0 microg/kg body weight; i.v.) starting immediately after a period of heavy drinking. Neuroendocrine tests were repeated after 7 days, 2 and 6 months. A total of six healthy males were used as controls. The maximum GH responses to CLON were significantly lower on all four test occasions in the patient group as compared to the controls. Furthermore, in the patient group all neuroendocrine test results showed blunted GH responses to CLON. Thus, patients with downregulated alpha-2-receptor function during acute withdrawal after heavy alcohol intake showed similar subsensitive receptor function abnormality after a prolonged period of abstinence. The findings in this study indicate that alcohol dependent individuals have a persistent subsensitive alpha-2-adrenoceptor function which may constitute a trait factor for alcohol dependence.
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