| 1. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol-intoxicated eyewitnesses’ memory: The effects of recall format, recall time, and repeated interviewing
- 2015
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Ingår i: Annual convention for Association for Psychological Science (APS), 2015-05-22, New York City, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated eyewitnesses are common, but are often discredited by investigators and in courts. The aim was to examine how intoxication (control vs. alcohol), recall format (free vs. cued), recall time (immediate vs. one week delayed), and repeated interviewing affects witnesses’ memory. The participants (N = 99) were randomly assigned to consume either juice or alcohol (0.7 g/kg), and they then witnessed a filmed staged crime. The participants were asked for a free recall followed by cued recall, either a) immediately and after a one week delay or b) only after a one week delay. Intoxicated witnesses recalled the same amount of information as sober ones in the cued recall phase, but significantly less details than sober ones in the free recall phase. However, all witnesses recalled more details and had a higher accuracy rate in free recall compared to cued recall. Overall, there was no difference between sober and intoxicated witnesses with respect to their accuracy rate. Also, all witnesses reported more details and were more accurate at the immediate compared to the delayed recall. However, conducting two recalls were more superior to one recall, since all witnesses recalled new details with relatively high accuracy at the second recall. Results are discussed in the light of their theoretical and applied relevance.
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| 2. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Witnesses Stumbling down Memory Lane: The Effects of Alcohol Intoxication, Retention Interval, and Repeated Interviewing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 25:4, s. 531-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intoxicated eyewitnesses are often discredited by investigators and in court, but few studies have examined how alcohol affects witnesses’ memory. The primary aim of the present study was to examine how intoxication (alcohol vs. control), retention interval (immediate vs. one week delay), and number of interviews (one vs. two interviews) affect witnesses’ memory. The participants (N = 99) were randomly assigned to consume either orange juice or alcohol mixed with orange juice, and they all witnessed a filmed mock crime afterwards. The recall took place either (a) immediately and after a one week delay or (b) after a one week delay only. No main effect of alcohol was found on the quantity or quality of the witnesses’ statements. Both intoxicated and sober witnesses recalled more details, and were more accurate, during immediate compared to delayed recall. For witnesses interviewed twice, an average of 30% new details were provided in the second compared to the first interview, and these were highly accurate. In sum, contrary to what one can expect, intoxicated witnesses with a low to moderate blood alcohol concentration (below 0.10%) were reliable witnesses.
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| 3. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses’ memory of intimate partner violence
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime and Law. - 1068-316X. ; 21:2, s. 156-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol affects memory in many, and mostly negative, ways. This is a problem in legal contexts as many witnesses are alcohol intoxicated when taking part of the critical event. However, research is sparse regarding how, and under what circumstances, the reports of alcohol intoxicated witnesses differ from those of sober witnesses. This study investigated if alcohol intoxicated and sober eyewitnesses differ regarding completeness, accuracy, and type of information reported, as well as if gender influenced these variables. Eighty-seven healthy men (n=44) and women (n=43) received either an alcoholic beverage (0.7g/kg) or a control (juice) in a laboratory setting before viewing a film picturing intimate partner violence. Ten minutes after viewing the film, they were interviewed. Reports by alcohol intoxicated women were less complete, but as accurate, as sober women’s. In contrast, intoxicated and sober men did not differ regarding completeness or accuracy. Furthermore, compared to sober women, intoxicated women reported fewer actions but no difference was found between the groups regarding reported objects. At this moderate dose, alcohol affected women’s reports more than men’s, which may be because alcohol affects attention and memory consolidation more clearly at a lower dose for women than for men.
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| 4. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Intoxicated Witnesses: Perception of Aggression and Guilt in Intimate Partner Violence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - : SAGE Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 32:22, s. 3448-3474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many witnesses to violent crimes are alcohol intoxicated, but research is lacking regarding how alcohol affects their perception of aggression and guilt. This study investigated to what extent alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses differed from sober witnesses regarding how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts in an intimate partner violence (IPV) situation. Eighty-seven healthy men (n = 44) and women (n = 43) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.7 g/kg) or a non-alcohol group. In a laboratory setting, alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks were consumed before viewing a film depicting IPV between a man and a woman. Ten min after viewing, in an interview, the participants rated how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts to be. Alcohol intoxicated participants perceived both parts’ physically aggressive behavior as comparatively less severe, but their neutral behavior as more hostile. Sober witnesses perceived the man to be the most guilty part, whereas intoxicated witnesses distributed guilt more evenly. Alcohol had a strong but complex impact on the perception of aggression in IPV (i.e., heightened during the neutral interaction and lowered during physical aggression). These results may be explained by the cognitive consequences of alcohol’s anxiety-dampening effects. Regarding the asymmetric difference in perceived guilt, stereotypical expectations of gender-appropriate behavior in an IPV situation may need to be considered.
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| 5. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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To wait or not to wait? Improving results when interviewing intoxicated witnesses to violence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564. ; 58:1, s. 15-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Witnesses to violent crimes are often alcohol intoxicated, but few studies have investigated the impact of alcohol on witness reports. This study investigated how alcohol intoxication and time of interview affected reports of intimate partner violence (IPV). One hundred thirty six healthy men (N = 66) and women (N = 70) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.8g/kg for men, 0.75g/kg for women) (N = 70) or control group (N = 66), given juice. Participants consumed drinks in a laboratory setting before they witnessed an IPV scenario. Fifty percent of the intoxicated and sober participants were interviewed ten minutes after viewing the film and all participants were interviewed one week later. For the analyses, participants in the alcohol group were divided into two groups (moderately/highly intoxicated) based on their BAC-level. Ten minutes after viewing the event, highly (BAC = 0.08-0.15) intoxicated witnesses gave shorter, but as accurate, reports as moderately intoxicated/sober witnesses. All witnesses gave shorter and less accurate reports one week later compared to immediately after. However, an immediate interview increased completeness one week later. In general, time and high intoxication made witnesses give less detailed accounts of actions and verbal information, but not of objects. Highly intoxicated witnesses reported less actions and verbal information in all interviews, while information regarding objects was reported to a similar extent. At the present BAC-level, it is beneficial to conduct an immediate free recall interview with intoxicated witnesses to obtain a maximum amount of correct information and minimize the negative effect of time.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Anderberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Mer än varannan ungdom med alkohol- och narkotikaproblem i öppenvården har erfarenhet av utsatthet i barndomen
- 2019
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Ingår i: Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift. - 0037-833X. ; 96:6, s. 786-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few Swedish studies investigated experiences of childhood maltreatment in adolescents with substance use problems, especially in outpatient care. This study analyzed experiences of neglect and abuse during childhood in adol- escents (mean age 18 years) who started outpatient treatment for substance use problems. The results showed that several of them had experience of child maltreatment. Child maltreatment was also related to perceived pro- blems in the upbringing family, e.g. financial difficulties, substance use pro- blems, mental illness and violence in the family. This indicate the importance to investigate experiences of child maltreatment among adolescents in tre- atment for substance use problems, especially since there is evidence to- day that psychiatric co-morbidity (e.g. trauma reaction and drug problems) should be treated simultaneously to achieve the best effect.
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| 9. |
- Balldin, Jan, 1935, et al.
(författare)
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TAQ1A1 Allele of the DRD2 Gene Region Contribute to Shorter Survival Time in Alcohol Dependent Individuals When Controlling for the Influence of Age and Gender. A Follow-up Study of 18 Years.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 53:3, s. 216-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the influence of the A1 allele of the TAQ1A polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene region on mortality in adult individuals with alcohol dependence.The study sample consisted of 359 alcohol-dependent individuals treated for severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms in 1997. Years of survival was studied in an 18-year follow-up. In the analyses, gender and age were controlled for.At the 18-year follow-up, 53% individuals had deceased. The analyses showed that older age (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.05) and carrying the A1 allele (P < 0.01) all significantly and independently contributed to shorten years of survival. Among the deceased individuals, the genotype A1+ was the only significant contributor to shorten years of survival.An important contribution of the present study is that in alcohol dependence the Taq1A1 allele of the DRD2 gene region is a risk factor for premature death of similar importance as the well-known risk factors of age and gender.We investigated the influence of A1 allele of the TAQ1A polymorphism in DRD2 receptor gene region on mortality in alcohol-dependent individuals in an 18-year follow-up. Age, gender and the A1 allele contributed to shorten years of survival. Among the deceased, the A1+ was the only contributor to shorten years of survival.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Kristina, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Is There a Need for Congruent Treatment Goals Between Alcohol-Dependent Patients and Caregivers?
- 2016
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Ingår i: Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008. ; 40:4, s. 874-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAlcohol-dependent patients have different treatment goals when entering treatment. Furthermore, different treatment settings advocate different treatment goals. Earlier studies have pointed out that treatment goal is important for treatment outcome, both in the treatment setting as well as in the patients themselves. However, to our knowledge, no study has so far investigated the interaction between patient's goal and the goal of the treatment setting. The aim of the study was therefore to study the interaction between these 2 factors on treatment outcome. MethodsPatients' (n=201) goals from 2 treatment settingsone that had an abstinence-oriented goal and one with a low-risk drinking goalwere investigated. The patients were followed up 2.5years after treatment entry and effectiveness of congruent treatment goals on treatment outcome was investigated. ResultsThere was no significant association between congruent goals and treatment outcomes (p=0.060). However, when comparing the effectiveness of congruent treatment goal between the 2 treatment settings, the abstinence-oriented treatment setting was significantly more effective (p<0.01). ConclusionsThe major finding was that there appeared to be no association between congruence itself and treatment outcome. On the other hand, we found that the treatment outcome was more successful if the patient as well as the treatment setting had abstinence as a goal (i.e., congruent goals of abstinence).
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