| 1. |
- Stockett, Mark H., et al.
(författare)
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Fragmentation of anthracene C14H10, acridine C13H9N and phenazine C12H8N2 ions in collisions with atoms
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 16:40, s. 21980-21987
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report experimental total, absolute, fragmentation cross sections for anthracene C14H10, acridine C13H9N, and phenazine C12H8N2 ions colliding with He at center-of-mass energies close to 100 eV. In addition, we report results for the same ions colliding with Ne, Ar, and Xe at higher energies. The total fragmentation cross sections for these three ions are the same within error bars for a given target. The measured fragment mass distributions reveal significant contributions from both delayed (>> 10(-12) s) statistical fragmentation processes as well as non-statistical, prompt (similar to 10(-15) s), single atom knockout processes. The latter dominate and are often followed by secondary statistical fragmentation. Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations yield separate cross sections for prompt and delayed fragmentation which are consistent with the experimental results. The intensity of the single C/N-loss peak, the signature of non-statistical fragmentation, decreases with the number of N atoms in the parent ion. The fragment intensity distributions for losses of more than one C or N atom are rather similar for C14H10 and C13H9N but differ strongly for C12H8N2 where weak C-N bonds often remain in the fragments after the first fragmentation step. This greatly increases their probability to fragment further. Distributions of internal energy remaining in the fragments after knockout are obtained from the MD simulations.
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| 2. |
- Bolisetty, M., et al.
(författare)
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Unexpected diversity and expression of avian endogenous retroviruses
- 2012
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Ingår i: mBio. - 2161-2129. ; 3:5, s. e00344-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) were identified and characterized in three avian genomes to gain insight into early retroviral evolution. Using the computer program RetroTector to detect relatively intact ERVs, we identified 500 ERVs in the chicken genome, 150 in the turkey genome, and 1,200 in the zebra finch genome. Previous studies suggested that endogenous alpharetroviruses were present in chicken genomes. In this analysis, a small number of alpharetroviruses were seen in the chicken and turkey genomes; however, these were greatly outnumbered by beta-like, gamma-like, and alphabeta proviruses. While the avian ERVs belonged to the same major groups as mammalian ERVs, they were more heterogeneous. In particular, the beta-like viruses revealed an evolutionary continuum with the gradual acquisition and loss of betaretroviral markers and a transition from beta to alphabeta and then to alpharetroviruses. Thus, it appears that birds may resemble a melting pot for early ERV evolution. Many of the ERVs were integrated in clusters on chromosomes, often near centromeres. About 25% of the chicken ERVs were in or near cellular transcription units; this is nearly random. The majority of these integrations were in the sense orientation in introns. A higher-than-random number of integrations were >100 kb from the nearest gene. Deep-sequencing studies of chicken embryo fibroblasts revealed that about 20% of the 500 ERVs were transcribed and translated. A subset of these were also transcribed in vivo in chickens, showing tissue-specific patterns of expression.
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| 3. |
- Koellensperger, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Multiple System Atrophy in Europe: Final Analysis of the European Multiple System Atrophy Registry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0885-3185. ; 25:15, s. 2604-2612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a Parkinson's Disease (PD)-like alpha-synucleinopathy clinically characterized by dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs in any combination. We aimed to determine whether the clinical presentation of MSA as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies differ across Europe and Israel. In 19 European MSA Study Group centres all consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of MSA were recruited from 2001 to 2005. A standardized minimal data set was obtained from all patients. Four-hundred thirty-seven MSA patients from 19 centres in 10 countries were included. Mean age at onset was 57.8 years; mean disease duration at inclusion was 5.8 years. According to the consensus criteria 68% were classified as parkinsonian type (MSA-P) and 32% as cerebellar type (MSA-C) (probable MSA: 72%, possible MSA: 28%). Symptomatic dysautonomia was present in almost all patients, and urinary dysfunction (83%) more common than symptomatic orthostatic hypotension (75%). Cerebellar ataxia was present in 64%, and parkinsonism in 87%, of all cases. No significant differences in the clinical presentation were observed between the participating countries. In contrast, diagnostic work up and therapeutic strategies were heterogeneous. Less than a third of patients with documented orthostatic hypotension or neurogenic bladder disturbance were receiving treatment. This largest clinical series of MSA patients reported so far shows that the disease presents uniformly across Europe. The observed differences in diagnostic and therapeutic management including lack of therapy for dysautonomia emphasize the need for future guidelines in these areas. (C) 2010 Movement Disorder Society
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| 4. |
- Shirazi, Farid, et al.
(författare)
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ICT Expansion and The Digital Divide in Democratic Freedom : An analysis of the impact of ICT expansion, Education and ICT filtering on democracy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Telematics and informatics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0736-5853 .- 1879-324X. ; 27:1, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, several case studies have appeared on how mobile telephones, SMS and the Internet had an impact on political activities. It has been widely argued that information and communication technology (ICT) is influencing democracy all over the world. However, few studies provide any analysis of how ICT expansion correlates with measures of democracy. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the global expansion of ICT and the level of democracy within nations. We analyze archival data on 133 countries from 1995 to 2003, which was the period-of-time of explosive ICT expansion. Some important findings of our study are: (a) there is a growing digitaldivide in democratic freedoms among countries; (b) in spite of rapid ICT expansion in some countries, Internet filtering is having a significant impact on democratic freedoms. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- van Dishoeck, E. F., et al.
(författare)
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Triennial Report, International Astronomical Union, Division VI/Commission 34/Working Group Astrochemistry
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. - 1743-9213 .- 1743-9221. ; 7:Transactions T28A, s. 236-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study of molecules in space, known as astrochemistry or molecular astrophysics, is a rapidly growing field. Molecules exist in a wide range of environments in both gaseous and solid form, from our own solar system to the distant early universe. To astronomers, molecules are indispensable and unique probes of the physical conditions and dynamics of regions in which they are detected, especially the interstellar medium. In particular, the many stages of both low-mass and high-mass star formation are better understood today thanks to the analysis of molecular observations. Molecules can also yield a global picture of the past and present of sources. Moreover, molecules affect their environment by contributing to the heating and cooling processes that occur.
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| 6. |
- Woo, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies Identifies 1q22 as a Susceptibility Locus for Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 94:4, s. 511-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the stroke subtype with the worst prognosis and has no established acute treatment. ICH is classified as lobar or nonlobar based on the location of ruptured blood vessels within the brain. These different locations also signal different underlying vascular pathologies. Heritability estimates indicate a substantial genetic contribution to risk of ICH in both locations. We report a genome-wide association study of this condition that meta-analyzed data from six studies that enrolled individuals of European ancestry. Case subjects were ascertained by neurologists blinded to genotype data and classified as lobar or nonlobar based on brain computed tomography. ICH-free control subjects were sampled from ambulatory clinics or random digit dialing. Replication of signals identified in the discovery cohort with p < 1 × 10(-6) was pursued in an independent multiethnic sample utilizing both direct and genome-wide genotyping. The discovery phase included a case cohort of 1,545 individuals (664 lobar and 881 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 1,481 individuals and identified two susceptibility loci: for lobar ICH, chromosomal region 12q21.1 (rs11179580, odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, p = 7.0 × 10(-8)); and for nonlobar ICH, chromosomal region 1q22 (rs2984613, OR = 1.44, p = 1.6 × 10(-8)). The replication included a case cohort of 1,681 individuals (484 lobar and 1,194 nonlobar cases) and a control cohort of 2,261 individuals and corroborated the association for 1q22 (p = 6.5 × 10(-4); meta-analysis p = 2.2 × 10(-10)) but not for 12q21.1 (p = 0.55; meta-analysis p = 2.6 × 10(-5)). These results demonstrate biological heterogeneity across ICH subtypes and highlight the importance of ascertaining ICH cases accordingly.
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