| 1. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Amsler, C., et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 667:1-5, s. 1-1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions., plus 2778 new measurements from 645 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors., probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on CKM quark-mixing matrix, V-ud & V-us, V-cb & V-ub, top quark, muon anomalous magnetic moment, extra dimensions, particle detectors, cosmic background radiation, dark matter, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology.
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| 3. |
- Yao, W-M, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Particle Physics
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0954-3899 .- 1361-6471. ; 33:1, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Liu, H.-Y., et al.
(författare)
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Association of E1AF mRNA expression with tumor progression and matrilysin in human rectal cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Oncology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0030-2414 .- 1423-0232. ; 73:5-6, s. 384-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine E1AF mRNA expression and to determine whether it is correlated with tumor progression and matrilysin in human rectal cancer. Methods: Real-time RT-PCR was used to determine E1AF and matrilysin expression in 100 matched rectal cancers and normal tissues. Results: Among the 100 rectal cancers, 69 cases of E1AF mRNA overexpression were observed. E1AF mRNA overexpression correlated well with matrilysin. In carcinomas, E1AF mRNA overexpression correlated significantly with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, venous involvement and advanced pTNM stage. Conclusions: E1AF was correlated significantly with tumor progression of human rectal cancer and may be an important factor in rectal cancer progression. Copyright © 2008 S. Karger AG.
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| 5. |
- Chen, X. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Application of weak ferromagnetic BiFeO3 films as the photoelectrode material under visible-light irradiation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:2, s. 022114-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BiFeO3 films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates were studied as photoelectrode for water splitting. Under visible-light irradiation, the photocurrent intensity of the polycrystalline BiFeO3 film was found to double that of the amorphous one in a three-electrode cell. The incident photon to current conversion efficiency for the polycrystalline BiFeO3 electrode was approximately 16% at 350 nm and 7% at 530 nm at 1.5 V (versus saturated calomel electrode). The ferromagnetism of the amorphous BiFeO3 film was an order of magnitude weaker than that of the polycrystalline one, supporting the "size effect" explanation for magnetic origin. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Qiu, X. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Phase separation enhanced interfacial reactions in complex high-k dielectric films
- 2006
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Ingår i: Integrated Ferroelectrics. - : Taylor andamp; Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 1058-4587 .- 1607-8489. ; 86:1, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous CaZrOx, ZrAlxSiyOz and HfAlOx complex high-k dielectric films are deposited by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructural characteristics and interfacial reactions between deposited films and Si substrates during high temperature annealing processes are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An essential finding is that nano-scale phase separation appears to be a common phenomenon for these amorphous films. The nonstoichiometric ZrOx or HfOx clusters precipitating from the amorphous matrix either react with silicon on the interface to form silicate or silicide interfacial layer, or nucleate and grow into nanosized crystals embedded in the outer layer of the dielectric films, which degrades the electrical performances of films.
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| 8. |
- Qiu, X. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal stability and interfacial properties of ZrAlxSiyOz films prepared by pulse-laser deposition
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 100:7, s. 074109-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal stability and interfacial properties of amorphous ZrAlxSiyOz films prepared under high vacuum conditions by pulse-laser deposition are investigated. A high anticrystallization temperature of 916 degrees C is identified by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter. However, it is found that ZrOx clusters may precipitate from amorphous film matrix at a temperature as low as 700 degrees C, which subsequently react with Si substrate to form amorphous Zr-silicide interfacial layer. Due to the conductivity and good interfacial morphology of amorphous Zr-silicide interfacial layer, the Pt/ZrAlxSiyOz/IL/Si stack gate structures exhibit good electrical properties such as small equivalent oxide thickness of 0.9 nm, flatband voltage of 0.43 V, and low leakage density of 64 mA/cm(2) at 1 V gate voltage. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Lihui, et al.
(författare)
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Enriched Machining Feature Based Reasoning for Generic Machining Process Sequencing
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 44:8, s. 1479-1501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an enriched machining feature (EMF)-based reasoning approach to generic machining process sequencing for distributed process planning (DPP). An EMF is represented by combining its machining volume with surface, geometric and volume features, as well as other technological information needed to machine the feature. The information embedded in the EMF is retrieved progressively for machining sequence generation. Following an introduction of EMF and its representation scheme, the problems in determining machine-independent feature groups (set-ups) in DPP and their machining sequences to be followed for a given part are investigated. Based on the EMF concept, five reasoning rules are formulated and the algorithms developed. As the set-ups and sequences are generated based on manufacturing constraints and datum references but separated from specific resources, they are generic and applicable to machine tools with varying configurations and capabilities. This approach is further validated through a case study.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Lihui, et al.
(författare)
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Function Block Design to Enable Adaptive Job Shop Operations
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small volume and high product-mix contribute greatly to the complexity of job shop operations. In addition, shop floor uncertainty or fluctuation is another issue regularly challenging manufacturing companies, including job delay, urgent job insertion, fixture shortage, missing tool, and even machine breakdown. Targeting the uncertainty, we propose a function block based approach to generating adaptive process plans. Enabled by the function blocks, a so-generated process plan is responsive and tolerant to an unpredictable change. This paper presents in detail how a function block is designed and what it can do during process plan execution. It is expected that this new approach can largely enhance the dynamism of fluctuating job shop operations.
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