| 1. |
- Fernando, H. N. J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of ultra-violet-induced changes in planar waveguides
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Optics. A, Pure and applied optics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1464-4258 .- 1741-3567. ; 5:4, s. 335-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple, low-cost spectrophotometer system operating in reflection absorption mode is used to characterize changes in refractive index and thickness of thin films under 193 nm irradiation. The results indicate overall dilation of the glass and are confirmed by additional surface topographic measurements. We also show that in addition to the net relaxation from laser annealing of the interface, in germanosilicate samples local compaction takes place. Since the net relaxation is triggered by remote interactions, it is not spatially confined to the laser-irradiated area. However, a local positive index change is observed. These results are in agreement with previous hypotheses put forward to explain planar waveguide negative index changes. They also bring to attention the great care necessary in both conducting and interpreting measurements that do not take into account spatial variations arising from the combination of remote and local triggers of both index and thickness changes.
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| 2. |
- Menad, Nourreddine, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the presence of fluorine in the recycled fractions during carbothermal treatment of EAF dust
- 2003
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 23:6, s. 483-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbothermal treatment tests of electric arc furnace dusts (EAFD) using the Waelz kiln process were carried out in pilot-scale for the production of zinc oxide. The association of halides in the EAFD, and the recycled products, such as zinc oxide fumes and high-grade iron contents fractions were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. XRD reveals the presence of chlorine and fluorine in the dusts in the form of KCl, NaCl and CaF2. An ultra-pure fraction of zinc was obtained after the Double Leaching Waelz Oxide (DLWO) process was performed on the zinc oxide fumes. The halide contents were reduced to approximately 100 ppm Cl and 700 ppm F. The rest of these elements are in the form of CaF2. About 65% F is volatilised as lead and zinc fluorides, 15% is expected in the magnetic fractions and 20% in non-magnetic fractions as CaF2 and MnF2, respectively.
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