| 1. |
- Fernandez, Manuel, et al.
(författare)
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Brain function in a patient with torture related post-traumatic stress disorder before and after fluoxetine treatment : a positron emission tomography provocation study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Neuroscience Letters. - 0304-3940 .- 1872-7972. ; 297:2, s. 101-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report positron emission tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a male patient with war and torture related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during symptom provocation. The subject was exposed to war related sounds before and after treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI; Fluoxetine; Fontex((R))). Therapy reduced PTSD symptoms, provoked anxiety and heart rate. Before treatment trauma reminders resulted in decreased rCBF in the insula, prefrontal, and inferior frontal cortices. Increased activity was evident in the cerebellum, precuneus and supplementary motor cortex. This was normalized after SSRI administration. Prefrontal and cingulate rCBF correlated with heart rate. Hence, the anxiolytic effect of SSRI for PTSD could be mediated by prefrontal and paralimbic cortices. Data suggest that SSRI treatment normalize provocation induced rCBF alterations in areas involved in memory, emotion, attention and motor-control.
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| 2. |
- Furmark, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Common changes in cerebral blood flow in patients with social phobia treated with citalopram or cognitive-behavioral theray
- 2002
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Ingår i: Archives of General Psychiatry. - 0003-990X .- 1538-3636. ; 59:5, s. 425-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Neurofunctional changes underlying effective antianxiety treatments are incompletely characterized. This study explored the effects of citalopram and cognitive-behavioral therapy on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in social phobia. METHODS: By means of positron emission tomography with oxygen 15-labeled water, rCBF was assessed in 18 previously untreated patients with social phobia during an anxiogenic public speaking task. Patients were matched for sex, age, and phobia severity, based on social anxiety questionnaire data, and randomized to citalopram medication, cognitive-behavioral group therapy, or a waiting-list control group. Scans were repeated after 9 weeks of treatment or waiting time. Outcome was assessed by subjective and psychophysiological state anxiety measures and self-report questionnaires. Questions were readministered after 1 year. RESULTS: Symptoms improved significantly and roughly equally with citalopram and cognitive-behavioral therapy, whereas the waiting-list group remained unchanged. Four patients in each treated group and 1 waiting-list patient were classified as responders. Within both treated groups, and in responders regardless of treatment approach, improvement was accompanied by a decreased rCBF-response to public speaking bilaterally in the amygdala, hippocampus, and the periamygdaloid, rhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. Between-group comparisons confirmed that rCBF in these regions decreased significantly more in treated groups than control subjects, and in responders than nonresponders, particularly in the right hemisphere. The degree of amygdalar-limbic attenuation was associated with clinical improvement a year later. CONCLUSIONS: Common sites of action for citalopram and cognitive-behavioral treatment of social anxiety were observed in the amygdala, hippocampus, and neighboring cortical areas, ie, brain regions subserving bodily defense reactions to threat.
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| 3. |
- Levin Jakobsen, Anne-Marie, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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NESP55, a novel chromogranin-like peptide, is expressed in endocrine tumours of the pancreas and adrenal medulla but not in ileal carcinoids.
- 2003
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Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 88:11, s. 1746-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuroendocrine secretory protein 55, NESP55, is an acidic protein belonging to the chromogranin family. The distribution of NESP55 in human tumours is not known. The aim of the present study was to study the expression of NESP55 in human gastrointestinal, pancreatic and adrenal tumours. A total of 118 human endocrine and nonendocrine tumours were examined by immunocytochemistry, and compared to the expression of chromogranin A (CgA) in the same tumours. Pancreatic endocrine tumours (14 out of 25), pheochromocytomas (19 out of 19), and neuroblastomas (seven out of 14) expressed NESP55, with the same strong labelling pattern in both benign and malignant tumours. Expression of NESP55 in pancreatic endocrine tumours and pheochromocytomas was confirmed by Western and Northern blot analysis. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated no labelling in ileal carcinoids (zero out of 15), and adrenocortical adenomas (zero out of 15). The majority of gastrointestinal and pancreatic carcinomas were negative for NESP55, with focal staining observed in two out of 30 tumours. In contrast, CgA was present in all neuroendocrine tumours examined (25 out of 25 pancreatic endocrine tumours, 19 out of 19 pheochromocytomas, 14 out of 14 neuroblastomas and 15 out of 15 ileal carcinoids). Thus, the expression of NESP55 in endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and adrenals differs from that of CgA. Neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 is found in a subset of neuroendocrine tumours showing differentiation towards adrenal chromaffin cells and pancreatic islets cells.
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| 4. |
- Pissiota, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Neurofunctional correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder : a PET symptom provocation study
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 252:2, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY: Patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show altered cognitive and affective processing and symptomatic responding following exposure to trauma reminders. Previous symptom provocation studies using brain imaging have involved Vietnam veterans. In this study neural correlates were investigated in patients with PTSD resulting from trauma in more recent war zones. (15)Oxygen water and positron emission tomography were used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with war- and combat-related chronic PTSD during exposure to combat and neutral sounds. Self-reports and heart rate confirmed symptomatic responding during traumatic stimulation. The war-related condition, as compared to the neutral, increased rCBF in the right sensorimotor areas (Brodmann areas 4/6), extending into the primary sensory cortex (areas 1/2/3), and the cerebellar vermis. RCBF also increased in the right amygdala and in the periaqueductal gray matter adjacent to the pons. During provocation rCBF was lowered in the right retrosplenial cortex (areas 26/29/30 extending into area 23). Symptom provocation in PTSD promote sensorimotor, amygdaloid and midbrain activation. We conclude that perceptually induced symptom activation in PTSD is associated with an emotionally determined motor preparation and propose that subcortically initiated rather than cortically controlled memory mechanisms determine this pattern.
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| 5. |
- Wik, Gustav, et al.
(författare)
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Retrosplenial cortical activation in the fibromyalgia syndrome.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965. ; 14:4, s. 619-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the CNS in chronic muscular pain typical of fibromyalgia we compared PET measures of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in eight fibromyalgic patients and controls at rest. Higher rCBF for patients than controls was found bilaterally in the retrosplenial cortex. Lower rCBF for patients than controls were seen in the left frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices. The higher retroplenial rCBF in patients than controls may reflect increased attention towards sub-noxious somatosensory signaling, and agrees with the notion that fibromyalgic pain reflects secondary hyperalgesia. The brain regions with lower rCBF in fibromyalgic patients than controls participate in the normal cognitive processing of pain, which may be dysfunctional in fibromyalgia.
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