| 1. |
- Alverhed, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Autonomous last-mile delivery robots: a literature review
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 16:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This literature review investigates how self-driving autonomous delivery robots (ADRs) impact last-mile deliveries, add value to the logistics and transport industry, and contribute to creating competitive business models. Autonomous vehicles are still a developing technology and ADRs could possibly be one of the solutions to the last-mile problem, in particular in cities and for urban freight with an increasing number of parcels to deliver. Last-mile delivery is also changing as e-commerce and more demanding customers emerge. Such development, however, faces challenges regarding infrastructure, externalities such as CO2 emissions, and shorter delivery-time requirements. This review, focused on ADRs, reveals four major themes (operations, infrastructure, regulations, and acceptance) through which we explain the barriers and benefits of using ADRs for last-mile deliveries. The review shows that the operations of ADRs can impact last-mile deliveries by lowering costs, optimising the use of time, and reducing externalities. The review also shows that the foundation of last-mile infrastructure would have to change if ADRs are to be used to a greater extent. Regulations for ADRs are still not yet in place, which makes the market somewhat confused. The acceptance of ADRs in society is another challenge because the innovation of ADRs is still new and unfamiliar. Altogether, the use of ADRs for last-mile deliveries shows great potential, based on the promising results of the articles reviewed. However, most studies on ADRs have been theoretical in nature, such as models, which highlights the need for real-world case studies and implementations.
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| 2. |
- Awais, Fawad, et al.
(författare)
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Logistic characteristics and requirements of Swedish wood biofuel heating plants
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand for wood biofuel for district heating plants and combined heat and power plants (CHPs) has increased, caused by an increase in both the number and size of CHPs. This places large demands on the logistics system supplying these plants with fuel, with a particular interest in the use of alternative modes of transport such as rail and sea. The aim of this paper is to identify the industry actors’ requirements, constraints, and preferences regarding the wood-biofuel supply chain and to identify the logistical challenges this entails, as well as how this impacts the opportunity for an increased use of alternative transport solutions. A survey was sent to all Swedish CHPs, combined with six interviews with transport companies, terminal operators, and forest companies. The study shows that the industry has a local focus that limits potential logistics and sourcing solutions. It is also challenged by urban sprawl, with expanding residential areas close to the CHPs putting further constraints on the operations. Significant variations in fuel demand, depending on unpredictable outside temperature and seasonal variation, is a further challenge. The low density of the fuel has a negative impact on transport costs and introduces a trade-off between chipping close to the forest to increase density versus more efficient chipping at the CHP. Intermodal transport only used by large plants, driven by a shortage of local fuel. © 2020 The Authors
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bäckman, Therese, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Säkrare transporter av farligt gods – Ett förslag till nollvision
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Säkra transporter av farligt gods på väg och järnväg är en synnerligen komplex aktivitet i skärningen mellan juridik, teknologi, logistik, ekonomi, organisation, och individ. Graden av komplexitet ökar med frågor om styrning, säkerhet, miljöhänsyn, hållbarhet, fysisk planering, och konkurrens. Planering av forskningsarbetet, datainsamling och analys har skett i en tvärvetenskaplig kontext där forskare från juridik, logistik, informatik, och miljövetenskap deltagit. Exempel på frågeställningar som har studerats inom ramen för projektet är säkerhetsrådgivarens roll och funktion, problem och brister i transportkedjan, vilka aktörer som är involverade i transportkedjan och hur trafikpolisen utför sina operativa kontroller av transport av farligt gods. Vidare har projektet resulterat i nya forskningsfrågor att undersöka och analysera i framtiden. Det handlar bl.a. om hur våra urbana miljöer ska kunna utvecklas och möta utmaningar kopplade till transport av farligt gods. Detta presenteras närmare i ”case Älvstaden”. Studierna av regelverken som styr transporter av farligt gods, logistiska begrepp och principer som bidrar till ökad precision avseende en nomenklatur, och transportkedjan som informationsmiljö, utgör exempel som är mer teoretiskt grundade i de olika disciplinerna. På en övergripande nivå är detta ett viktigt komplement till de empiriska avsnitten och en förutsättning för att kunna tydliggöra komplexiteten i projektet. Denna kortare rapport återger viktiga resultat i projektet, och den utgör sammanfattning av en längre slutrapport som publiceras hos MSB hösten 2021. I den längre rapporten, Säkrare transporter av farligt gods genom transparent informationshantering och samverkan, återfinns nulägesbeskrivningar med tillhörande publikationer som utgör ett mer samlat resultat av projektmedlemmarnas ansträngningar. För att nå målbilden om säkra transporter samlas de viktigaste resultaten från projektet i en lista med åtgärdsförslag. Dessa förslag omfattar områden som vi anser har särskilt god potential för utveckling och ett urval av sådana åtgärdsförslag finns med i denna slutrapport.
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| 5. |
- Bäckman, Therese, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Säkrare transporter av farligt gods genom transparent informationshantering och samverkan : Safer transport of dangerous goods by information management and collaboration
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Farligt gods kan definieras som de ämnen och föremål som kan orsaka skada på människor, miljö och egendom om de inte hanteras på rätt sätt under transport. I förhållande till den mängd farligt gods som transporteras i Sverige inträffar förhållandevis få allvarliga olyckor. Däremot inträffar en incident med farligt gods nästan varannan dag i Sverige. Syftet med projektet är att bidra till att transporter av farligt gods kan genomföras på ett så säkert, men ändå ändamålsenligt, sätt som möjligt. Utgångspunkten är att identifiera styrkor och svagheter längs transportkedjan för att olyckor med transport av farligt gods ska kunna undvikas. Inom projektet har information och kunskap samlats in direkt från privata och offentliga aktörer i transportkedjan eller med koppling till kedjan. Detta har skett genom intervjuer, möten, fältstudier, studiebesök, workshops och konferenser samt indirekt genom bland annat litteraturgenomgångar, studier av media och regelanalyser med stöd av juridisk metod. Undersökningarna har, förutom denna rapport, resulterat i ett flertal publikationer, såsom exempelvis vetenskapliga artiklar, böcker och konferensbidrag samt olika typer av presentationer. Den kanske viktigaste kunskapsspridningen har dock skett genom en nära dialog med avnämare och genom ett ömsesidigt lärande. I denna rapport återges viktiga resultat från projektet. I kap. 2-7 återfinns en nulägesbeskrivning med tillhörande publikationer som utgör ett samlat resultat av undersökningarna som utförts under projektets gång. Nulägesbeskrivningen omfattar en beskrivning och analys av följande: • transportkedjan vid transport av farligt gods (kap. 2) • transportkedjan som en informationsmiljö (kap. 3) • regelverken rörande transport av farligt gods (kap. 4) • säkerhetsrådgivare för transport av farligt gods (kap. 5) • tillsyn för säkrare transporter av farligt gods (kap. 6) • problem och brister i transportkedjan (kap. 7) Kapitlen utgör ett underlag för att kunna formulera de åtgärdsförslag som presenteras i kap. 8. I det avslutande kap. 9 ges en utblick mot framtidens utmaningar. Det ska poängteras att det inte finns ett enda specifikt problem inom området för transport av farligt gods, utan det föreligger flera olika problem. Dessa problem kan enskilt eller i samverkan med varandra leda till risker som påverkar säkerheten negativt vid transport av farligt gods. Det är därför viktigt att riskerna minimeras, till fördel för ökad säkerhet. Det finns dock inte en enda lösning eftersom området är komplext med många aktörer och omfattande och detaljerade regelverk. Vi presenterar åtta åtgärdsområden som vi menar är särskilt viktiga och introducerar en målbild som består av en nollvision för olyckor, incidenter och tillbud vid transport av farligt gods. Nollvisionen preciseras i kap. 8. De aktuella åtgärdsområdena presenteras i kap. 8 och utgörs av: • Ökad medvetenhet • Ändamålsenliga regelverk • Rätt kompetens • Stärkt säkerhetsrådgivarroll • Informationstillgång • IT-system med samverkansförmåga • Synliggörande av dolt farligt gods • Effektiv tillsyn och kännbara konsekvenser Åtgärdsområdena innehåller en tillhörande problematisering för att sätta området i sitt sammanhang. Varje åtgärdsområde omfattar även en delvision som visar på vad just det området kan bidra med för att nå nollvisionen som framförs i projektet. Vidare ges exempel på konkreta åtgärdsförslag som har kunnat identifieras genom forskningen i projektet. Dessa åtgärdsförslag har särskilt god potential att kunna bidra till säkrare transporter av farligt gods.
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| 6. |
- Elliot, Viktor, et al.
(författare)
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CEOs’ understanding of blockchain technology and its adoption in export-oriented companies in West Sweden: a survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing. - 2398-5364.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study current practices in adopting blockchain technology amongst export companies in West Sweden and to capture their CEOs’ knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchains. Design/methodology/approach – Factors enabling or hindering the adoption of blockchains were identified from a comprehensive literature review and a survey of 72 chief executive officers (CEOs) of exportoriented firms in West Sweden, all with turnovers exceeding e2m, regarding their knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchains. Findings – Blockchain technology is not currently perceived to provide benefits that would outweigh the costs of introducing it into West Sweden’s export firms. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that such technology, though currently too immature to meet today’s industrial requirements, could experience more widespread use if certain key factors (i.e. lower cost, traceability, improved security or trustworthiness and new blockchain-enabled business models) are prioritised. Research limitations/implications – Answered by 72 CEOs, the survey achieved a response rate of 6%, meaning that the findings are only exploratory. Even so, they offer new insights into CEOs’ attitudes towards blockchain technology. Practical implications – The CEOs reported comparatively limited knowledge of and experience with implementing blockchains, the lack of which has hampered their large-scale implementation in multi-actor supply chains. Social implications – Negative sentiment amongst CEOs towards blockchain technology may lower onthe-job satisfaction amongst tech personnel aspiring to develop and implement blockchain applications in their firms. Originality/value – Knowledge of and attitudes towards blockchain technology amongst top-level managers, as well as about factors enabling or hindering its adoption, guide managers in crafting strategies for implementing blockchains in their organisations and maximising the benefits therein. Unlike past studies focussing on technological aspects or views of experts and middle-management, the study was designed to capture the views of CEOs.
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| 7. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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A stakeholder analysis of actors and networks for land transport of dangerous goods
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Business and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-5395. ; 41:December
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The consequences of an accident involving a truck or a train are often substantial, but the stakes increase considerably if the vehicle carries dangerous goods that can harm people, other living organisms, the environment, property and cause disturbances in the transport system. It is of great interest to shippers, transport providers and society at large to reduce the risk of such accidents and mitigate any consequences. The purpose is to identify and map the stakeholders of dangerous goods transport by land modes and analyse their interest and the relationships between them in order to increase transport safety. The research is based on a literature review, interviews and workshops and takes a wide approach, including actors commercially involved in transport, and rescue services, policy makers, regulating authorities, municipalities and citizens. Results include a mapping of actors, their influences and relationships in a three-level framework of transport infrastructure, transport network and freight flow and the traffic, transport and logistics service markets connecting them. Not only the traditional transport actors but also societal actors largely influence transport of dangerous goods. The mapping can be useful as a basis for improved information sharing between legitimate stakeholders to push the transport system towards safer transport of dangerous goods.
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| 8. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Consumers’ perceived food supply chain resilience in urban and rural areas during crisis - Evidence from grocery hoarding during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: World Conference on Transport Research (WCTR 2023), Montreal, 17-21 July. - : World Conference on Transport Research Society.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Food security is of great importance in the event of a crisis, such as a pandemic, war or natural disaster. However, conditions differ between urban and rural areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether hoarding behavior and attitudes differ between different types of residential areas and to analyze how it affects food supply chains. The sample (N = 4658) consists of residents of the United States, United Kingdom, Germany and Sweden, representative in terms of age, sex and areas of residence. The analysis shows that hoarding is primarily an inner-city phenomenon and that residents of more rural and suburban areas hoard to a lesser extent. Residents of city centres were also more concerned about running out of food and supplies and felt that hoarding was more necessary. Except in Sweden, however, there were no significant differences (p<.05) in experiences of depletion of edibles between different residential areas. In addition, there were no significant differences (p<.05) related to concerns related to COVID-19, which is an alternative explanation for hoarding behavior during the pandemic. Conclusions are also drawn on how the government's and authorities' approach to dealing with COVID-19 affects hoarding, and in particular the more relaxed Swedish approach, the value of food chain resilience in times of crisis and the need to change the culture of the food chain to make it more flexible and responsive to hoarding behaviour. In summary, urban consumers are more concerned and worried, although there are no differences between experiences of running out of groceries between different residential areas. A strength of the current study is the agreement between the four countries.
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| 9. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Risk in Transporting Dangerous Goods via RoRo and RoPax Shipping
- 2023
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Ingår i: Regulation of Risk - Transport, Trade and Environment in Perspective. - Leiden : Brill. - 9789004518681 ; , s. 315-352
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to examine how regulations for dangerous goods applicable to RoRo and RoPax shipping in Northern Europe affect transport chain operations and the overall risk of transport. It also explains the general structure and operations of RoRo and RoPax shipping for readers familiar with law but not necessarily with logistics or shipping
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| 10. |
- Flodén, Jonas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Shipping in the EU emissions trading system: implications for mitigation, costs and modal split
- 2024
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Ingår i: Climate Policy. - Stockholm : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 1752-7457 .- 1469-3062. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- EU recently decided to include shipping, meaning all intra-European shipping and 50% of extra-European voyages, in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) beginning in 2024. This article provides an early assessment of the impacts of the EU ETS on the shipping sector’s potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for different types of ships. It further examines selected mitigation measures and the impact on modals split and costs. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative estimates (based on data from the EU monitoring, reporting and verification system) with qualitative data and information from interviews with key actors and from previous literature. This approach aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of the EU ETS. The inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS is expected to introduce significant incentives to reduce emissions. We estimate that switching to bio-methanol at an emissions allowance price of €90–100/tCO2 will be cost-effective for a minor share of shipping segments (representing about 0.5-5% of all ships), whereas at a price above €150/tCO2 it could be cost-effective for a considerable share (potentially 75%) of ships. In the short term, the costs incurred by the EU ETS will be passed on to transport customers as a surcharge. The increased cost may, unless properly addressed, drive carbon leakage. Meanwhile, a modal shift away from shipping may occur in the roll-on, roll-off (RoRo) and roll-on passenger (RoPax) segments due to direct competition with road and rail transport and the relative ease of shifting to other modes of transport.
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