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- Gunnbjornsdottir, M. I., et al.
(författare)
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Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies have identified obesity as a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. An increased prevalence of asthma in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome has also been reported. The aim of this investigation was to study obesity, nocturnal GOR and snoring as independent risk factors for onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in a Nordic population. In a 5-10 yr follow-up study of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Iceland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Estonia, a postal questionnaire was sent to previous respondents. A total of 16,191 participants responded to the questionnaire. Reported onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms as well as nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring increased in prevalence along with the increase in body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for nocturnal GOR, habitual snoring and other confounders, obesity (BMI >30) remained significantly related to the onset of asthma, wheeze and night-time symptoms. Nocturnal GOR was independently related to the onset of asthma and in addition, both nocturnal GOR and habitual snoring were independently related to onset of wheeze and night-time symptoms. This study adds evidence to an independent relationship between obesity, nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux and habitual snoring and the onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms in adults.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Liu, Qing, et al.
(författare)
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Linomide and antibody-targeted superantigen therapy abolishes formation of liver metastases in mice.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Surgical Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0014-312X .- 1421-9921. ; 35:6, s. 457-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hematogenous spread of tumor cells and metastasis formation in the liver are insidious aspects of cancer progression and are not frequently amenable to curative treatment. We examined the effect of Linomide and antibody-targeted therapy against the formation of hepatic metastases in vivo. For this purpose, syngenic B16 melanoma cells transfected with GA733-2 (a human colon cancer cell surface antigen) were injected into a mesenteric vein of C57/Bl6 mice. To test bacterial superantigen (Sag) targeting for immunotherapy of liver metastases, we used genetically fused proteins consisting of SEA and a Fab moiety of a GA733-2 tumor-reactive antibody (C215Fab-SEA). Linomide dose-dependently reduced hepatic metastases, and at 300 mg/kg this reduction was more than 80%. Treatment with C215Fab-SEA decreased metastases formation by 49% and the combination of Linomide and C215Fab-SEA was found to completely abolish liver metastases (>99% reduction). Taken together, our novel data suggest that Linomide and antibody-targeted superantigen therapy individually markedly reduce and together abolish liver metastases. Considering that current therapy of hepatic metastases is mainly limited to surgical resection in a subgroup of patients, these findings indicate that Linomide alone or in combination with antibody-targeted superantigen may provide a novel approach against liver metastases.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, F, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of budesonide and sodium cromoglycate in the management of childhood asthma in everyday clinical practice
- 2001
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Ingår i: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. - 1081-1206 .- 1534-4436. ; 86:5, s. 537-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Budesonide and sodium cromoglycate are both recommended as maintenance therapy for childhood asthma. Objective: To compare the cost-effectiveness of these two treatment strategies in clinical practice, in an open-label, pharmacoeconomic clinical trial. Methods: Health economics were evaluated in 138 children. ages 5 to 11 years, with unstable asthma not previously treated with corticosteroids or cromones. The asthma was stabilized during 4 to 6 weeks with budesonide 200 to 400 mug twice daily. The children were then randomly allocated to one of the two treatment strategies aiming at maintaining asthma control for 12 months, budesonide 400 mug/day (N = 69) or sodium cromoglycate 60 mg/day (N = 69). If asthma control was judged unsatisfactory, the doses were increased or the children were switched to the alternate treatment. Results: In children continuing on the same treatment, the degree of asthma control was similar in the two groups at study end. To maintain asthma control, 42% of cromoglycate children switched to budesonide, and then experienced a 14% increase in symptom-free days. No budesonide patient had to switch therapy because of lack of asthma control. Although not statistically significant, total annual cost per patient was 24% (Swedish kronor 4195, US $487, Euro 485) lower in the budesonide than the cromoglycate group, mainly due to a lower cost for asthma medication. Conclusions: A budesonide strategy for continued maintenance treatment, after an initial period of stabilizing treatment with budesonide, resulted in lower costs and less drug switches than did a strategy with sodium cromoglycate.
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| 7. |
- Bas, A, et al.
(författare)
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Utility of the housekeeping genes 18S rRNA, beta-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase for normalization in real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression in human T lymphocytes.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 59:6, s. 566-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accuracy of 18S rRNA, beta-actin mRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA as indicators of cell number when used for normalization in gene expression analysis of T lymphocytes at different activation stages was investigated. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression level of 18S rRNA, beta-actin mRNA, GAPDH mRNA and mRNA for six cytokines in carefully counted samples of resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), intestinal lymphocytes and PBMCs subjected to polyclonal T-cell activation. The 18S rRNA level in activated and resting PBMCs and intestinal lymphocytes was essentially the same, while the levels of beta-actin and GAPDH mRNAs fluctuated markedly upon activation. When isolated gammadeltaTCR(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations were studied, 18S rRNA levels remained unchanged after 21 h of activation but increased slightly after 96 h. In contrast, there was a 30-70-fold increase of GAPDH mRNA/cell in these cell populations upon activation. Cytokine analysis revealed that only normalization to 18S rRNA gave a result that satisfactorily reflected their mRNA expression levels per cell. In conclusion, 18S rRNA was the most stable housekeeping gene and hence superior for normalization in comparative analyses of mRNA expression levels in human T lymphocytes.
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