| 1. |
- Alm Fjellborg, Andreas, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Commuting patterns of preschool children in metropolitan Stockholm
- 2022
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Ingår i: Regional Science Policy & Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1757-7802. ; 14:4, s. 960-980
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This full population study of travel-to-preschool patterns ofthe youngest children (< 6 years old) in metropolitanStockholm analyses how school markets, even at an earlystage, reproduce inequalities related to social and geograph-ical distances. Our findings show that families with foreignbackgrounds tend to convert educational capital into socialcapital by sending their children to preschools in moresocio-economically favourable neighbourhoods. Further-more, we detect avoidance behaviour among the majoritypopulation in ethnically mixed neighbourhoods, whichindicate that some native families are inclined to avoidpreschools with high shares of non-native peers.
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| 2. |
- Alm Fjellborg, Andreas, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Even in preschools : analysing the preschool and neighbourhood segregation gap in Swedish municipalities
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 39:5, s. 677-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preschool segregation has not been the focus of research efforts to the same extent as compulsory school segregation. This is at least in part a consequence of the lack of large-scale, registry-based data sources on where children live and where they attend preschool. This paper presents a full-population account of discrepancies between preschool segregation and neighbourhood segregation covering the Swedish population. Data includes preschool children as well as their parents’ income, education, ethnic background, and place of residence. Findings indicate that while preschool segregation does not differ from neighbourhood segregation to the same extent as previous research has shown for school segregation, there are systematic differences affecting the level of segregation across Sweden and in various types of municipalities. Studies on school level show segregation by foreign background and income to be most prominent, whilst preschool segregation mostly concerns parents’ educational attainment. Furthermore, the findings show that the geographical distribution of private and public preschools affects levels of segregation. This conclusion supports the general argument that the free-choice reform in the Swedish school system tends to raise levels of school segregation above the levels of residential segregation—even in preschools.
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| 3. |
- Alm Fjellborg, Andreas, PhD, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Förskola, boende och segregation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Förskolans expansion och marknadisering. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. ; , s. 127-154
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Achievements and experiences from science–policy interaction in the field of air pollution : Synthesising 20 years of research and outreach,thinking about future needs
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For 20 years, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency together with the MISTRA research foundation have funded five air pollution research programmes with focus on producing knowledge that supports policy and emission control in national and international arenas. The research has been multidisciplinary and has included research on emissions, atmospheric transport and transformation processes, human health effects, ecosystem effects, and emission control strategies. Research has also been conducted on the interaction between air pollution and climate change.Over these years, the link between the research programmes and the development of emission control strategies and policies in Sweden, the EU, and the UNECE Air Convention has been of high importance. This report presents how the research programmes have created societal benefits through support for the development of air pollution policies and emission control measures. The report also identifies future research needs to ensure continued progress towards even better air quality for future generations.
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| 5. |
- Claesson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and education Outline and validation of a new dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation educational bundle using the Delphi method
- 2024
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : ELSEVIER. - 2666-5204. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) is time-dependent. To date, evidence-based training programmes for dispatchers are lacking. This study aimed to reach expert consensus on an educational bundle content for dispatchers to provide DA-CPR using the Delphi Method: An educational bundle was created by the Swedish Resuscitation Council consisting of three parts: e-learning on DA-CPR, basic life support training and audit of emergency out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls. Thereafter, a two-round modified Delphi study was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023; 37 experts with broad clinical and/or scientific knowledge of DA-CPR were invited. In the first round, the experts participated in the e-learning module and answered a questionnaire with 13 closed and open questions, whereafter the e-learning part of the bundle was revised. In the second round, the revised e-learning part was evaluated using Likert scores (20 items). The predefined consensus level was set Results: Delphi rounds one and two were assessed by 20 and 18 of the invited experts, respectively. In round one, 18 experts (18 of 20, 90%) stated that they did not miss any content in the programme. In round two, the scale-level content validity index based on the average method (S-CVI/AVE, 0.99) and scale-level content validity index based on universal agreement (S-CVI/UA, 0.85) exceeded the threshold level of 80%. Conclusion: Expert consensus on the educational bundle content was reached using the Delphi method. Further work is required to evaluate its effect in real-world out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls.
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| 6. |
- Ekman, A, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Clean Air and Climate Research Programme – SCAC Final report second phase
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The SCAC-2 program was initiated to provide an extended scientific knowledge base in national and international discussions and negotiations on the development of new air pollution policies and measures. Specifically, the program was focused on four main areas where additional knowledge was needed to support further actions: air pollution and climate interactions and hemispheric transport; air pollution and human health with focus on particles from transport and domestic wood burning; ecosystem effects (and air pollution – climate interactions) of ozone and nitrogen, the latter with emphasis on national nitrogen budgets and biodiversity. Finally, integrated assessment modelling and identification of the most efficient abatement strategies was included.
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| 7. |
- Fjellman, Anna-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sweden’s experiment with marketization : vidence on two decades of school segregation in an urban school market
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amongst the Nordic countries, Sweden has implemented the most radical market-led policies in education, that made school choice and for-profit private schools funded by tax-financed vouchers possible after 1992 (Lundahl et al, 2013). An important outcome of school choice is how students are allocated between schools; however, there is still a significant knowledge gap on the effects of school choice mechanisms on student sorting across schools in different places (Wilson & Bridge, 2019). The contextualised nature of modes of educational provision and regulations are important determinants in sorting processes and giving attention to the arrangement of local school markets is critical in understanding the process and outcomes of school segregation (Perry, Rowe & Lubienski, 2022). Therefore, we focus on the most student dense and differentiated upper secondary school market in Sweden, namely, the Stockholm region, where private educational provisions are geographically segmented between residential areas. Two important aspects of local policies in the region that influenced and changed student sorting across upper secondary schools are the removal of the proximity principle and restrictions in inter-municipality program choices – these have triggered new choice-based student mobilities and opened access to prestigious theoretical programmes in public schools in the city of Stockholm. While there are indications that these administrative policies have prompted important changes in how students are sorted across schools, the question remains; how have these processes developed over time and how are they related to differences in educational offerings and patterns of residential segregation within the region? The starting point guiding our analysis is the theoretical framework proposed by Perry, Rowe & Lubienski (2022) on how to understand the mechanisms and causes of school segregation. Our aim is to examine the (progressing) relationship between school choice, school segregation and residential segregation in the Stockholm regional upper secondary school market between 1997 and 2017. The analyses utilize register data from Statistics Sweden, that contain information on all students attending an upper secondary school in the region during the chosen time. The nature of the data allows a longitudinal exploration of an entire student population in a specific market setting, which offers important knowledge on both the spatial and temporal dimensions of school segregation in a Nordic school system. Preliminary results show that while residential segregation remains stable, there is a surge in school segregation and the likelihood of attending a school with higher concentration of foreign background students relative to the neighbourhood composition increase over time for foreign students. Similarly, multi-level analysis indicate residential segregation is less influential for school segregation compared to changes in market characteristics such as private schools, combinations of study programmes and share of vocational students.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Forsberg, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection in COVID-19, a retrospective multicenter cohort study in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 68:2, s. 226-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infections (VA-LRTI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Higher incidences of VA-LRTI have been reported among COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary objectives of this study were to describe clinical characteristics, incidence, and risk factors comparing patients who developed VA-LRTI to patients who did not, in a cohort of Swedish ICU patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Secondary objectives were to decipher changes over the three initial pandemic waves, common microbiology and the effect of VA-LTRI on morbidity and mortality.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted to 10 ICUs in southeast Sweden between March 1, 2020 and May 31, 2021 because of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 and were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 h. The primary outcome was culture verified VA-LRTI. Patient characteristics, ICU management, clinical course, treatments, microbiological findings, and mortality were registered. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine risk factors for first VA-LRTI.Results: Of a total of 536 included patients, 153 (28.5%) developed VA-LRTI. Incidence rate of first VA-LRTI was 20.8 per 1000 days of IMV. Comparing patients with VA-LRTI to those without, no differences in mortality, age, sex, or number of comorbidities were found. Patients with VA-LRTI had fewer ventilator-free days, longer ICU stay, were more frequently ventilated in prone position, received corticosteroids more often and were more frequently on antibiotics at intubation. Regression analysis revealed increased adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) for first VA-LRTI in patients treated with corticosteroids (aOR 2.64 [95% confidence interval [CI]] [1.31-5.74]), antibiotics at intubation (aOR 2.01 95% CI [1.14-3.66]), and days of IMV (aOR 1.05 per day of IMV, 95% CI [1.03-1.07]). Few multidrug-resistant pathogens were identified. Incidence of VA-LRTI increased from 14.5 per 1000 days of IMV during the first wave to 24.8 per 1000 days of IMV during the subsequent waves.Conclusion: We report a high incidence of culture-verified VA-LRTI in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients from the first three pandemic waves. VA-LRTI was associated with increased morbidity but not 30-, 60-, or 90-day mortality. Corticosteroid treatment, antibiotics at intubation and time on IMV were associated with increased aOR of first VA-LRTI.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in using neural networks in safety-critical applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781728198255
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss challenges when using neural networks (NNs) in safety-critical applications. We address the challenges one by one, with aviation safety in mind. We then introduce a possible implementation to overcome the challenges. Only a small portion of the solution has been implemented physically and much work is considered as future work. Our current understanding is that a real implementation in a safety-critical system would be extremely difficult. Firstly, to design the intended function of the NN, and secondly, designing monitors needed to achieve a deterministic and fail-safe behavior of the system. We conclude that only the most valuable implementations of NNs should be considered as meaningful to implement in safety-critical systems.
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