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- Analitis, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of cold weather on mortality : results from 15 European cities within the PHEWE project.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1476-6256 .- 0002-9262. ; 168:12, s. 1397-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weather-related health effects have attracted renewed interest because of the observed and predicted climate change. The authors studied the short-term effects of cold weather on mortality in 15 European cities. The effects of minimum apparent temperature on cause- and age-specific daily mortality were assessed for the cold season (October-March) by using data from 1990-2000. For city-specific analysis, the authors used Poisson regression and distributed lag models, controlling for potential confounders. Meta-regression models summarized the results and explored heterogeneity. A 1 degrees C decrease in temperature was associated with a 1.35% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.53) increase in the daily number of total natural deaths and a 1.72% (95% CI: 1.44, 2.01), 3.30% (95% CI: 2.61, 3.99), and 1.25% (95% CI: 0.77, 1.73) increase in cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular deaths, respectively. The increase was greater for the older age groups. The cold effect was found to be greater in warmer (southern) cities and persisted up to 23 days, with no evidence of mortality displacement. Cold-related mortality is an important public health problem across Europe. It should not be underestimated by public health authorities because of the recent focus on heat-wave episodes.
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- Grönros, Julia, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of rosuvastatin on cardiovascular morphology and function in an ApoE-knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6135 .- 1522-1539. ; 295:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of rosuvastatin on plaque progression and in vivo coronary artery function in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice, using noninvasive high-resolution ultrasound techniques. Eight-week-old male ApoE-KO mice ( n = 20) were fed a high-fat diet with or without rosuvastatin (10 μmol·kg−1·day−1) for 16 wk. When compared with control, rosuvastatin reduced total cholesterol levels ( P < 0.05) and caused significant retardation of lesion progression in the brachiocephalic artery, as visualized in vivo using an ultrasound biomicroscope ( P < 0.05). Histological analysis confirmed the reduction of brachiocephalic atherosclerosis and also revealed an increase in collagen content in the statin-treated group ( P < 0.05). Coronary volumetric flow was measured by simultaneous recording of Doppler velocity signals and left coronary artery morphology before and during adenosine infusion. The hyperemic flow in response to adenosine was significantly greater in left coronary artery following 16 wk of rosuvastatin treatment ( P < 0.001), whereas the baseline flow was similar in both groups. In conclusion, rosuvastatin reduced brachiocephalic artery atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-KO mice. Coronary artery function assessed using recently developed in vivo ultrasound-based protocols, also improved.
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- Jacquemin, B., et al.
(författare)
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Annoyance due to air pollution in Europe
- 2007
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Ingår i: Int J Epidemiol. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 36:4, s. 809-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Annoyance due to air pollution is a subjective score of air quality, which has been incorporated into the National Environmental monitoring of some countries. The objectives of this study are to describe the variations in annoyance due to air pollution in Europe and its individual and environmental determinants. METHODS: This study took place in the context of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II (ECRHS II) that was conducted during 1999-2001. It included 25 centres in 12 countries and 7867 randomly selected adults from the general population. Annoyance due to air pollution was self-reported on an 11-point scale. Annual mean mass concentration of fine particles (PM(2.5)) and its sulphur (S) content were measured in 21 centres as a surrogate of urban air pollution. RESULTS: Forty-three per cent of participants reported moderate annoyance (1-5 on the scale) and 14% high annoyance (>/=6) with large differences across centres (2-40% of high annoyance). Participants in the Northern European countries reported less annoyance. Female gender, nocturnal dyspnoea, phlegm and rhinitis, self-reported car and heavy vehicle traffic in front of the home, high education, non-smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke were associated with higher annoyance levels. At the centre level, adjusted means of annoyance scores were moderately associated with sulphur urban levels (slope 1.43 mug m(-3), standard error 0.40, r = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: Annoyance due to air pollution is frequent in Europe. Individuals' annoyance may be a useful measure of perceived ambient quality and could be considered a complementary tool for health surveillance.
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| 10. |
- Linnarsson, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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In-diffusion, trapping and out-diffusion of deuterium in 4H-SiC substrates
- 2006
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Ingår i: Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005, Pts 1 and 2. - 9780878494255 ; , s. 637-640
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incorporation of hydrogen/deuterium in n-, p-type, and semi-insulating 4H-SiC substrates during epitaxial growth at 1590 degrees C has been studied in detail by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Out-diffusion has been investigated in samples subsequently annealed at high temperatures. After the epitaxial growth, deuterium is detected throughout the entire substrates. Out-diffusion can be observed after anneals at 1300 degrees C, but traces of deuterium can still be found in samples annealed as high as 1700 degrees C. A trap limited diffusion mechanism is proposed with vacancy related hydrogen trapping centers in n-type and semi insulating 4H-SiC substrates.
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