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- Elgh, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive function in early Parkinson's disease : a population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 16:12, s. 1278-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The study aims to describe the frequency, pattern and determinants of cognitive function in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD); to compare patients with impaired cognition to patients with intact cognition; and to compare to matched healthy controls.METHODS: Patients were identified in a longitudinal population based study of idiopathic non-drug induced parkinsonism. Eighty-eight newly diagnosed patients with PD and no dementia were included during a four year period. The patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment.RESULTS: Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls in a majority of neuropsychological tests. Test results in attention, psychomotor function, episodic memory (free recall), executive function and category fluency were significantly lower in the patient group. Comparison with normative data revealed that 30% of the patients had deficits in > or =1 cognitive domain (episodic memory, executive function and verbal function). Seventy per cent of the patients had normal performance. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III sub scores; speech, facial expression, rigidity and bradykinesia were significantly higher, and disease duration shorter amongst the cognitively impaired than amongst the cognitively intact patients. Tremor showed no difference. Education level was an independent predictor of dysfunction in patients with > or =2 cognitive domains affected.CONCLUSION: Cognitive dysfunction is common in untreated patients in early PD, affecting attention, psychomotor function, episodic memory, executive function and category fluency. Education level was an independent predictor of severe cognitive dysfunction.
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| 6. |
- Fries, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhet med bin 2008 vid SLU
- 2009
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Ingår i: Bitidningen. - 0006-3886. ; 108, s. 26-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Karin, 1975-
(författare)
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Les appositions adnominales en français et en suédois écrits : Étude contrastive des prédications secondes détachées dans une perspective quantitative et informationnelle
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates differences in the use of the “apposition”, in French and Swedish formal, written language. The apposition is defined as a secondary predication, detached from the rest of the sentence by, for instance, commas, and determining a noun phrase. The apposition can take on the following forms: noun phrase, prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, past and present participle phrase and the so-called absolute construction. The corpus consists of parts of 20 French and 20 Swedish texts, fiction and non-fiction, and translations into the other language.In the first part of the analysis, the quantitative use of appositions in the two languages is studied. The results show that the apposition is considerably more frequent in the French texts than in the Swedish texts. Also, the relation between the form of the apposition and its correspondence in the other language is examined. For example, it is shown that the French NP apposition often corresponds to an apposition in Swedish, whereas the French present participle apposition rarely does so. It is also shown that when an apposition is used in the French text, the Swedish text often contains a finite clause or a structure where the commas have been omitted: a pre- or postposed modifier. These differences can partly be explained by the fact that French is a noun-oriented language, whereas Swedish is verb-oriented. There also seems to be a norm according to which commas are used more frequently in French.In the second part of the study, the differences in the use of appositions are studied in an informational perspective. The apposition is described as a unit associated with a low degree of “communicative dynamism” in the sentence, expressing for instance explanations, descriptions or examples. The analysis demonstrates that in French, information is often hierarchically structured in different units, whereas in Swedish, this information structure is often implicit, to be worked out by the reader.
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| 8. |
- Marklund, Petter, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal dynamics of basal ganglia under-recruitment in Parkinson's disease : transient caudate abnormalities during updating of working memory
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0006-8950 .- 1460-2156. ; 132:2, s. 336-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using hybrid-blocked/event-related fMRI and the 2-back taskwe aimed to decompose tonic and phasic temporal dynamics ofbasal ganglia response abnormalities in working memory associatedwith early untreated Parkinson's disease. In view of the tonic/phasicdopamine hypothesis, which posits a functional division betweenphasic D2-dependent striatal updating processes and tonic D1-dependentprefrontal context-maintenance processes, we predicted thatnewly diagnosed, drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients,with selective striatal dopamine deprivation, would demonstratetransient rather than sustained activation changes in the basalganglia during 2-back performance. Task-related activation patternswithin discrete basal ganglia structures were directly comparedbetween patients and healthy elderly controls. The obtainedresults yielded uniquely transient underactivation foci in caudatenuclei, putamen and globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease patients,which indicates suboptimal phasic implementation of striatalD2-dependent gating mechanisms during updating. Sustained underactivationwas only seen in the anterior putamen, which may reflect initialsigns of tonic control impairment. No significant changes wereexhibited in prefrontal cortex. The present findings resonatewell with the tonic/phasic dopamine account and suggest thatbasal ganglia under-recruitment associated with executive dysfunctionin early Parkinson's disease might predominantly stem from deficienciesin phasic executive components subserved by striatum.
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| 9. |
- Rönnqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Lactobacillus fermentum Ess-1 with unique growth inhibition of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis pathogens.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 0022-2615 .- 1473-5644. ; 56:Pt 11, s. 1500-1504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to characterize human isolates of Lactobacillus species for their capacity to interfere with the growth of different strains of Candida species in vitro in the search for a potential probiotic. Growth inhibition of Candida species was screened using an agar-overlay method. Inhibiting strains were selected to assay the effect of a cell-free Lactobacillus culture filtrate (LCF) on the growth of isolates of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. A total of 126 human Lactobacillus isolates was investigated. Eighteen isolates significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans on agar. The LCF of one of these strains showed strong inhibition of both C. albicans and C. glabrata. This strain was genetically identified as Lactobacillus fermentum and designated L. fermentum Ess-1. Further tests to evaluate the probiotic potential of this strain indicated that L. fermentum Ess-1 strain is a promising probiotic for use in clinical trials to treat and prevent vulvo-vaginal candidiasis.
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