| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Forsum, Elisabet, 1947-
(författare)
-
Maternal physiology and nutrition during reproduction
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Nutrition in Early Life. - Linköping : Linköpings universitet. - 9780470850640 ; , s. 73-90
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The publication of the Department of Health White Paper "The Health of the Nation" (1992) and "Our Healthier Nation" (1998) gave emphasis to the importance of nutritional health of the nation at all ages. It is clear that the achievement of specific targets for pregnancy and infancy as set out in the White Paper will involve the training of all health care professionals in nutrition education. This book responds to the challenge and focuses on good nutrition for and during pregnancy, in low birth weight infants, and during infancy. It has a strong public health emphasis, dealing with health prevention issues for the Nation s younger population. The text is written as a scientific reference book for those seeking to apply science in the support of a successful pregnancy and in the prevention of nutritional problems during foetal and early post natal life. The importance of optimal nutrition during these periods of life is emphasised by the overwhelming evidence that nutritional problems in early embryonic life may cause congenital malformations and during late foetal life and early post natal life may set the molecular programme for later disease development.
|
|
| 8. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing physical activity of women of childbearing age. Ongoing work to develop and evaluate simple methods
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Food and Nutrition Bulletin. - 0379-5721 .- 1564-8265. ; 23:3 SUPP, s. 30-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple methods were developed and evaluated to assess total energy expenditure in 24 healthy, Swedish women planning pregnancy. Total energy expenditure was measured by the doubly-labeled water method (reference method) and three simple methods: heart rate recording, movement registration by an accelerometer, and a questionnaire. Mean total energy expenditure obtained by the four methods varied between 2,530 kcal per 24 hours (10,570 kJ/24 hours) and 2,730 kcal per 24 hours (11,420 kJ/24 hours). No significant difference between the results obtained by the different methods was found. The mean difference between the simple method and the reference method was for the questionnaire 204 +/- 508 kcal per 24 hours (853 +/- 2,124 kJ/24 hours), for the heart rate recorder 58 +/- 338 kcal per 24 hours (241 +/- 1,416 kJ/24 hours) and for the accelerometer 6 +/- 325 kcal per 24 hours (25 +/- 1,360 kJ/24 hours). The heart rate recorder and the questionnaire overestimated high and underestimated low energy expenditures. The accelerometer and the heart rate recorder were able to assess mean total energy expenditure of groups. No systematic bias was found when the accelerometer was used.
|
|
| 9. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of commonly used procedures, including the doubly-labelled water technique, in the estimation of total energy expenditure of women with special reference to the significance of body fatness
- 2003
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 90:5, s. 961-968
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the report of the World Health Organization (1985), total energy expenditure (TEE) in human subjects can be calculated as BMR × physical activity level (PAL). However, other reports have pointed out limitations in the suggested procedure related to the % body fat of the subjects. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the World Health Organization (1985) procedure in thirty-four healthy women with BMI 18-39 kg/m2. BMR and TEE were measured using indirect calorimetry (BMRmeas) and the doubly-labelled water method (TEEref) respectively. When assessed using the doubly-labelled water and skinfold-thickness methods, the women had 34 (SD 8) and 33 (SD 6) % body fat respectively. On the basis of guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (1985), 1.64 was selected to represent the average PAL of the women. Furthermore, PAL was also assessed by means of an accelerometer (PALacc), heart-rate recordings (PALHR) and a questionnaire (PALq). These estimates were: PALacc 1.71 (SD 0.17), PALHR 1.76 (SD 0.24), PALq 1.86 (SD 0.27). These values were lower than TEEref/BMRref, which was 1.98 (SD 0.21). BMR assessed using equations recommended by the World Health Organization (1985) (BMRpredicted) overestimated BMR by 594 (SD 431) kj/24 h. However, when TEE was calculated as BMRpredicted × PALacc, BMRpredicted × PALHR and BMRpredicted × PALq respectively, average results were in agreement with TEEref. Furthermore, TEE values based on BMRpredicted and PALacc, PALHR, PALq as well as on PAL = 1.64, minus TEEref, were significantly correlated with body fatness. When the same PAL value (1.64) was used for all subjects, this correlation was particularly strong. Thus, the World Health Organization (1985) procedure may give TEE results that are biased with respect to the body fatness of subjects.
|
|
| 10. |
- Löf, Marie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of bioimpedance spectroscopy for measurements of body water distribution in healthy women before, during, and after pregnancy
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 96:3, s. 967-973
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a technique of interest in the study of human pregnancy because it can assess extracellular (ECW), intracellular (ICW), and total body water (TBW) as ECW plus ICW. The technique requires appropriate resistivity coefficients and has not been sufficiently evaluated during the reproductive cycle. Therefore, in a methodological study, we estimated ECW, ICW, and TBW, by means of BIS, and compared the results with the corresponding estimates obtained by using reference methods. Furthermore, results obtained by means of population-specific resistivity coefficients were compared with results obtained by means of general resistivity coefficients. These comparisons were made before pregnancy, in gestational weeks 14 and 32, as well as 2 wk postpartum in 21 healthy women. The reference methods were isotope and bromide dilution. Average ICW, ECW, and TBW, estimated by means of BIS, were in agreement with reference data before pregnancy, in gestational week 14, and postpartum. The corresponding comparison in gestational week 32 showed good agreement for ICW, whereas estimates by means of BIS were significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the corresponding reference values for ECW and TBW. Thus the BIS technique, which was based on a model developed for the nonpregnant body, estimated increases in ICW accurately, whereas increases in ECW and TBW tended to be underestimated. Estimates obtained by using population-specific and general resistivity coefficients were very similar. In conclusion, the results indicated that BIS is potentially useful for studies during pregnancy but that further work is needed before it can be generally applied in such studies.
|
|
