| 1. |
- Barboutis, Christos, et al.
(författare)
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From Mediterranean to Scandinavia – timing and body mass condition in four long distance migrants
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ornis Svecica. - 1102-6812 .- 2003-2633. ; 25, s. 51-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spring, long-distance migrants are considered to adopta time-minimizing strategy to promote early arrival atbreeding sites. The phenology of spring migration wasexamined and compared between two insular stopoversites in Greece and Sweden for Icterine Warbler, WoodWarbler, Spotted Flycatcher and Collared Flycatcher. All of them migrate due north which means that some proportion of birds that pass through Greece are headingto Scandinavia. The Collared Flycatcher had the earliestand the Icterine Warbler the latest arrival time. Thedifferences in median dates between Greece and Swedenwere 3–4 weeks and the passages in Sweden weregenerally more condensed in time. The average overallspeed estimates were very similar and varied between129 and 137 km/d. In most of the species higher speedestimates were associated with years when birds arrivedlate in Greece. After crossing continental Europe birdsarrive at the Swedish study site with significantly higherbody masses compared to when they arrive in Greece andthis might indicate a preparation for arriving at breedinggrounds with some overload.
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| 2. |
- Bränn, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory markers in late pregnancy in association with postpartum depression-A nested case-control study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 79, s. 146-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies indicate that the immune system adaptation during pregnancy could play a significant role in the pathophysiology of perinatal depression. The aim of this study was to investigate if inflammation markers in a late pregnancy plasma sample can predict the presence of depressive symptoms at eight weeks postpartum. Blood samples from 291 pregnant women (median and IQR for days to delivery, 13 and 7-23days respectively) comprising 63 individuals with postpartum depressive symptoms, as assessed by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS≥12) and/or the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and 228 controls were analyzed with an inflammation protein panel using multiplex proximity extension assay technology, comprising of 92 inflammation-associated markers. A summary inflammation variable was also calculated. Logistic regression, LASSO and Elastic net analyses were implemented. Forty markers were lower in late pregnancy among women with depressive symptoms postpartum. The difference remained statistically significant for STAM-BP (or otherwise AMSH), AXIN-1, ADA, ST1A1 and IL-10, after Bonferroni correction. The summary inflammation variable was ranked as the second best variable, following personal history of depression, in predicting depressive symptoms postpartum. The protein-level findings for STAM-BP and ST1A1 were validated in relation to methylation status of loci in the respective genes in a different population, using openly available data. This explorative approach revealed differences in late pregnancy levels of inflammation markers between women presenting with depressive symptoms postpartum and controls, previously not described in the literature. Despite the fact that the results do not support the use of a single inflammation marker in late pregnancy for assessing risk of postpartum depression, the use of STAM-BP or the novel notion of a summary inflammation variable developed in this work might be used in combination with other biological markers in the future.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Dessirier, Benoît, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling early in situ wetting of a compacted bentonite buffer installed in low permeable crystalline bedrock
- 2016
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 52:8, s. 6207-6221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The repository concept for geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel in Sweden and Finland is planned to be constructed in sparsely fractured crystalline bedrock and with an engineered bentonite buffer to embed the waste canisters. An important stage in such a deep repository is the postclosure phase following the deposition and the backfilling operations when the initially unsaturated buffer material gets hydrated by the groundwater delivered by the natural bedrock. We use numerical simulations to interpret observations on buffer wetting gathered during an in situ campaign, the Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment, in which unsaturated bentonite columns were introduced into deposition holes in the floor of a 417 m deep tunnel at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. Our objectives are to assess the performance of state-of-the-art flow models in reproducing the buffer wetting process and to investigate to which extent dependable predictions of buffer wetting times and saturation patterns can be made based on information collected prior to buffer insertion. This would be important for preventing insertion into unsuitable bedrock environments. Field data and modeling results indicate the development of a de-saturated zone in the rock and show that in most cases, the presence or absence of fractures and flow heterogeneity are more important factors for correct wetting predictions than the total inflow. For instance, for an equal open-hole inflow value, homogeneous inflow yields much more rapid buffer wetting than cases where fractures are represented explicitly thus creating heterogeneous inflow distributions.
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| 5. |
- Finsterle, S., et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual uncertainties in modelling the interaction between engineered and natural barriers of nuclear waste repositories in crystalline rocks
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geological Society Special Publication. - 0305-8719. ; 482:1, s. 261-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear waste disposal in geological formations relies on a multi-barrier concept that includes engineered components – which, in many cases, include a bentonite buffer surrounding waste packages – and the host rock. Contrasts in materials, together with gradients across the interface between the engineered and natural barriers, lead to complex interactions between these two subsystems. Numerical modelling, combined with monitoring and testing data, can be used to improve our overall understanding of rock–bentonite interactions and to predict the performance of this coupled system. Although established methods exist to examine the prediction uncertainties due to uncertainties in the input parameters, the impact of conceptual model decisions on the quantitative and qualitative modelling results is more difficult to assess. A Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company Task Force project facilitated such an assessment. In this project, 11 teams used different conceptualizations and modelling tools to analyse the Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment (BRIE) conducted at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. The exercise showed that prior system understanding along with the features implemented in the available simulators affect the processes included in the conceptual model. For some of these features, sufficient characterization data are available to obtain defensible results and interpretations, whereas others are less supported. The exercise also helped to identify the conceptual uncertainties that led to different assessments of the relative importance of the engineered and natural barrier subsystems. The range of predicted bentonite wetting times encompassed by the ensemble results were considerably larger than the ranges derived from individual models. This is a consequence of conceptual uncertainties, demonstrating the relevance of using a multi-model approach involving alternative conceptualizations.
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| 6. |
- Fransson, Åsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated approach to rock grouting
- 2018
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Ingår i: ARMS10 10th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium The ISRM International Symposium for 2018, 29 Oct - 3 Nov, Singapore.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Fransson, Åsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated approach to rock grouting
- 2018
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Ingår i: ISRM International Symposium - 10th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, ARMS 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Grouting of rock is a trans-disciplinary and trans-stadial topic. It is trans-disciplinary in the sense that grouting involves defining the geological and hydrogeological conditions and what to achieve at a specific site in relation to e.g. decrease in flow and hydraulic conductivity or maintaining ground water levels. Further, the grouting materials to be used to modify and improve the geological and hydrogeological conditions have to be characterised and have properties in line with both rheological and environmental demands. Hydrogeological conditions and grouting material properties in combination with analytical solutions allow estimates of penetration length, thus facilitating grouting design. Grouting is trans-stadial due to its importance in all stages from early planning to long term maintenance. In all stages, hydrogeological conditions and environmental impact are key issues. For the grouting design and construction a step-wise approach based on the observational method including prediction, observation and action is advantageous considering the uncertainties related to hydrogeological conditions and environmental impact. This paper aims at presenting theoretical development using a number of references and case studies to highlight the importance and usefulness of an integrated and theoretically based approach to grouting.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Fransson, Åsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Geological and hydrogeological reference conditions for rock engineering: An example for grouting design at äspö hard rock laboratory, Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: ISRM AfriRock - Rock Mechanics for Africa. ; 2017-October, s. 983-994
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 International Society for Rock Mechanics. All Rights Reserved. The observational method includes the idea that rock engineering design can be modified as construction progresses, and that identification (confirmation or rejection and updating) of e.g. rock classes can be used in order to choose from predefined design classes. To facilitate rock engineering design, we suggest that geological and hydrogeological reference conditions are used as a basis. Fundamental to a reference condition approach is the identification and sampling of reference sites. Attributes, in this case geological and hydrogeological attributes, are selected and used to define the reference conditions. The reference conditions should be defined and described early on in a project, using relevant engineering parameters, and grouped together into rock classes with similar engineering characteristics. The reference conditions are subsequently used to define e.g. grouting design classes, to adapt to project-specific flow requirements. In this paper we suggest and give examples of geological and hydrogeological reference conditions for grouting, and present an example where reference conditions were used to define the grouting design for a site in crystalline rock, located at a depth of 400 m at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden.
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| 10. |
- Fransson, Åsa, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Rock mechanical modelling of the Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment, Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 1365-1609. ; 113, s. 255-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bentonite Rock Interaction Experiment (BRIE) was performed in a tunnel at a depth of 420 m at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. The experiment focused on the hydraulic properties of rock and bentonite aiming at investigating the exchange of water across a bentonite-rock interface. The hypothesis for the mechanical modelling presented here was that changes in flow (observed in rock and on bentonite parcels) were due to local mechanical deformation. Induced stresses related to the construction (and experimental) stages for the BRIE site such as excavation of tunnels, drilling and over-coring of two vertical, tunnel-floor boreholes and, finally, installation and swelling of bentonite, were expected to be the main causes of these deformations. We assumed that this could be investigated using a step-wise rock mechanical modelling approach (with a relevant modelling sequence) and validated by using a transdisciplinary approach including field structural geological mapping (geometric, kinematic and dynamic interpretation of the exposed fracture sets) and hydrogeological investigations. For key fractures intersecting the boreholes, the modelled fracture normal and shear displacements were found to be local, small, and in line with field observations and measurements for BRIE. Results point at an agreement between the spatial locations of changes in flow identified from the bentonite parcels and the locations of inelastic deformation indicated by mechanical modelling for a reverse stress regime. Besides providing information about the key fractures, the structural mapping allowed to establish solid relationships between brittle structural features in the tunnel and in the cores, which were used as, or compared to, the main fracture input to the rock mechanical modelling. The identified fracture sets were found to be structurally reconcilable with the larger-scale tectonic picture of the area.
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