| 1. |
- Olive, K. A., et al.
(författare)
-
REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Chinese Physics C. - : IOP Publishing. - 1674-1137 .- 2058-6132. ; 38:9
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.
|
|
| 2. |
- Garibaldi, Lucas A., et al.
(författare)
-
Wild Pollinators Enhance Fruit Set of Crops Regardless of Honey Bee Abundance
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339:6127, s. 1608-1611
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diversity and abundance of wild insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed pollinators such as honey bees, is unclear. We found universally positive associations of fruit set with flower visitation by wild insects in 41 crop systems worldwide. In contrast, fruit set increased significantly with flower visitation by honey bees in only 14% of the systems surveyed. Overall, wild insects pollinated crops more effectively; an increase in wild insect visitation enhanced fruit set by twice as much as an equivalent increase in honey bee visitation. Visitation by wild insects and honey bees promoted fruit set independently, so pollination by managed honey bees supplemented, rather than substituted for, pollination by wild insects. Our results suggest that new practices for integrated management of both honey bees and diverse wild insect assemblages will enhance global crop yields.
|
|
| 3. |
- Flores, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
-
An evolutionary perspective on leaf economics : phylogenetics of leaf mass per area in vascular plants
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:14, s. 2799-2811
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In plant leaves, resource use follows a trade-off between rapid resource capture and conservative storage. This worldwide leaf economics spectrum consists of a suite of intercorrelated leaf traits, among which leaf mass per area, LMA, is one of the most fundamental as it indicates the cost of leaf construction and light-interception borne by plants. We conducted a broad-scale analysis of the evolutionary history of LMA across a large dataset of 5401 vascular plant species. The phylogenetic signal in LMA displayed low but significant conservatism, that is, leaf economics tended to be more similar among close relatives than expected by chance alone. Models of trait evolution indicated that LMA evolved under weak stabilizing selection. Moreover, results suggest that different optimal phenotypes evolved among large clades within which extremes tended to be selected against. Conservatism in LMA was strongly related to growth form, as were selection intensity and phenotypic evolutionary rates: woody plants showed higher conservatism in relation to stronger stabilizing selection and lower evolutionary rates compared to herbaceous taxa. The evolutionary history of LMA thus paints different evolutionary trajectories of vascular plant species across clades, revealing the coordination of leaf trait evolution with growth forms in response to varying selection regimes.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ramos, N. M. M., et al.
(författare)
-
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TRANSIENT MOISTURE TRANSPORT FOR HYGROSCOPIC INERTIA ASSESSMENT
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Porous Media. - 1091-028X. ; 15:8, s. 793-804
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The finishing layers of walls and ceiling may be important contributors to a room's hygroscopic inertia and therefore reduce peak values of relative humidity variation. The precise hygric simulation of the surface layers can be important for improving the design of these building elements. This paper reports the results from systematic simulation of a set of dynamic experiments of transient moisture transfer in the hygroscopic region using HAM-Tools software. The authors use a set of laboratory experiments to verify and correct the modelling assumptions and the basic data used in simulations, to select the most effective strategies for conducting this type of simulation. Previous standard measurements of sorption isotherms and vapor permeability for gypsum-based revetments and applied coatings provided basic material data for numerical simulations. Two types of simulations of actual laboratory tests were then performed: (7) Moisture Buffer Value (MBV) tests for validation of material modelling and (2)flux chamber tests for validation of room air and material coupling. As a means of bringing these concepts closer to practice, the generalization of a daily hygroscopic inertia index application in a simple assessment method is improved and supported by the latter simulations.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kumar, Mukesh, et al.
(författare)
-
Bulk properties of InN films determined by experiments and theory
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 403, s. 124-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Built properties of InN are determined by combining experimental and theoretical studies. In this work, we produced high quality InN film deposited on GaN templates by a modified ion beam assisted deposition technique confirmed by low temperature photoluminescence and absorption. The density of states, real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function and the absorption coefficient are calculated by means of first principles beyond density functional theory. The quasi particle aspect is described in the framework of a quasi particle method (the GW approximation). The calculated band gap energy is similar to 0.8 eV whereas significance in the optical absorption occurs at similar to 1.2 eV, which are consistent with both luminescence and absorption results. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is utilized to model the two particle exciton interactions, revealing a strong excitonic peak just below the absorption edge of InN.
|
|
| 6. |
- La, Filipa M. B., et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraception on Singers' Pitch Control
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. - : American Speech Language Hearing Association. - 1092-4388 .- 1558-9102. ; 55:1, s. 247-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Difficulties with intonation and vibrato control during the menstrual cycle have been reported by singers; however, this phenomenon has not yet been systematically investigated. Method: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial assessing effects of the menstrual cycle and use of a combined oral contraceptive pill (OCP) on pitch control in singing is presented. Audio-electrolaryngograph recordings were made and blood samples were taken from 9 singers in each of the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle both under the placebo and the OCP conditions for a total of 6 months. Participants sang an exercise consisting of an ascending octave followed by a descending major triad, starting on pitches F4 and B4. Pitch control was assessed in terms of the octave's deviations from pure intonation and of the vibrato rate and extent. Results: Significant differences were found between the 3 phases of the cycle regarding octave size only for pitch F5 during OCP use. Significant vibrato rate differences between placebo and OCP conditions were found only for pitch F5. Conclusion: OCP use may have an effect on pitch control in singers. Possible explanations point to a complex interaction between hormonal milieu and pitch control, enhancing the need for longitudinal studies.
|
|
| 7. |
- Paolucci, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Towards a living earth simulator
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 214:1, s. 77-108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Living Earth Simulator (LES) is one of the core componentsof the FuturICT architecture. It will work as a federation ofmethods, tools, techniques and facilities supporting all of the FuturICTsimulation-related activities to allow and encourage interactive explorationand understanding of societal issues. Society-relevant problemswill be targeted by leaning on approaches based on complex systemstheories and data science in tight interaction with the other componentsof FuturICT. The LES will evaluate and provide answers to realworldquestions by taking into account multiple scenarios. It will buildon present approaches such as agent-based simulation and modeling,multiscale modelling, statistical inference, and data mining, movingbeyond disciplinary borders to achieve a new perspective on complexsocial systems.
|
|
| 8. |
- Castro Meira, M. V., et al.
(författare)
-
Optical characterization of ZnO nanopillars on Si and macroporous periodic Si structure
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 111:12, s. 123527-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZnO nanopillars were successfully grown using both the vapor-liquid-solid and the aqueous chemical growth methods on different substrates, such as quartz, n-, and p-type non-porous Si wafer (flat) and microporous periodic Si structure (MPSiS). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to compare sample morphologies. The absorption was calculated employing the GW(0) method, based on the local density approximation, and with the projector augmented wave approach. Experiment and theory show a reasonable agreement when the shape of the optical absorption is considered. The measured absorption of ZnO nanopillars, on different substrates, is lower than that observed for ZnO films on quartz substrate, in the energy gap spectral range. A strong effect of MPSiS substrates on ZnO nanopillar properties is observed. The photoluminescence technique was also employed as an optical characterization.
|
|
| 9. |
- de Freitas, Edison Pignaton, et al.
(författare)
-
Analyzing different levels of geographic context awareness in agent ferrying over VANETs
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450301138 ; , s. 413-418
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of mobile software agents is a promising approach to implement services over ad hoc networks. This paper presents an analysis of mobile autonomous agents with different degrees of intelligence that allow them to make usage of the positioning information of vehicle carried sensor nodes with different depth of complexity, considering the nodes’ current and future locations. The agents’ intelligence is used to decide their movement during opportunistic connections among the nodes in order to accomplish missions. In this work, the analysis is done over an application of “virtual sensors”, implemented by services provided by the mobile agents. These agents run on top of an infrastructure-less Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). Simulation results are presented and discussed to support the proposed ideas.
|
|
| 10. |
- de Freitas, Edison Pignaton, et al.
(författare)
-
Coordination Mechanism and Customizable Hardware Platform to Provide Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks Support
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an effort to support emerging Wireless Sensor Networks applications composed by different types of sensor nodes. The work is composed by two parts, in which the first is dedicated to provide cooperation abilities to sensor nodes, while the second is a customizable hardware platform intended to provide different types of sensor nodes, from those more resource constrained up to the resource-rich ones. A description of a testbed demonstra- tor of the proposed system is provided and comparisons with previous published simulation results denote the feasibility of the proposal.
|
|
