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- Bratberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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A thermodynamic analysis of the Mo-V and Mo-V-C systems
- 2002
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Ingår i: Calphad. - 0364-5916 .- 1873-2984. ; 26:3, s. 459-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new thermodynamic evaluation of the binary Mo-V system and the ternary Mo-V-C system using thermodynamic models for the Gibbs energy of individual phases is presented. The CALPHAD method has been used, with predictions of unknown thermodynamic quantities, to optimize a set of thermodynamic parameters taking related experimental information into consideration. The predictions are based on regularities in bonding properties and vibrational entropy of 3d-transition metal carbides. The results are summarized in tables of thermodynamic parameters, calculated binary phase diagrams and isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagram compared with experimental information. Finally the influence of ternary interaction parameters, especially in the fcc phase, on calculations of equilibria in multicomponent systems is discussed.
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| 2. |
- Bratberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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An experimental and theoretical analysis of the phase equilibria in the Fe-Cr-V-C system
- 2004
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 35A:12, s. 3649-3663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New experimental phase equilibria information about the Fe-Cr-V-C system are presented and used to modify the thermodynamic description of the system. The main interest was focused on the composition of the MC and M7C3 carbides and the necessary adjustment of the Cr and V distribution between carbides and matrix. A new set of thermodynamic parameter values describing the Gibbs energy of different phases was obtained. A number of calculated sections of the Cr-C, Cr-V-C, Fe-Cr-C, and the Fe-Cr-V-C systems are presented and compared against both new and old experimental information. Calculations on commercial alloys to verify the improvements in multicomponent systems are also presented. The present calculation using the Thermo-Calc software shows much better agreement with the new experimental results than previous assessments.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sennfält, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Technological changes in the management of prostate cancer result in increased healthcare costs : a retrospective study in a defined Swedish population
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 37:3, s. 226-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:In two previous studies we calculated direct costs for men with prostate cancer who died in 1984-85 and 1992-93, respectively. We have now performed a third cost analysis to enable a longitudinal cost comparison. The aim was to calculate direct costs for the management of prostate cancer, describe the economic consequences of technological changes over time and estimate total direct costs for prostate cancer in Sweden.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A total of 204 men in a defined population with a diagnosis of prostate cancer and who died in 1997-98 were included. Data on utilization of health services were extracted from clinical records from time of diagnosis to death from a university hospital and from one county hospital in the county of Ostergötland.RESULTS:The average direct cost per patient has been nearly stable over time (1984-85: 143 000 SEK; 1992-93: 150 000 SEK; 1997-98: 146 000 SEK). The share of costs for drugs increased from 7% in 1992-93 to 17% in 1997-98. The total direct costs for prostate cancer in Sweden have increased over time (1994-85: 610 MSEK; 1992-93: 860 MSEK; 1997-98: 970 MSEK).CONCLUSIONS:Two-thirds of the total cost is incurred by inpatient care. The share of the total costs for drugs is increasing due to increased use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues. Small changes in average direct costs per patient despite greater use of technology are explained by the fact that more prostate cancers are detected at the early stages.
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| 7. |
- Yin, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Complete nucleotide sequence of a Coxsackievirus B-4 strain capable of establishing persistent infection in human pancreatic islet cells : effects on insulin release, proinsulin synthesis, and cell morphology
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : Wiley. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 68:4, s. 544-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of infection of human pancreatic islet cells with a strain (VD2921) of Coxsackie B virus serotype 4 capable of establishing persistent infection in these cells, as well as to sequence the strain, to study the determinants of virulence and persistence. Groups of islets were infected and assessments of proinsulin, insulin content, and virus replication were made. Insulin release in response to high glucose was measured. Infected and control islets displayed a strong insulin response to high glucose 3-4 days as well as 7-8 days post-infection (dpi). At 11-17 dpi, the infected islets did not respond at all to high glucose, and the response of the control islets was at this late time point somewhat reduced. The insulin and proinsulin content of the infected islets did not differ significantly from that of the control islets. TCID(50) titrations showed that the VD2921 strain replicated in the islet cells during the whole study. Electron microscopic examination of infected islets did not reveal any virus-induced changes of cell morphology compared with the controls, although higher magnifications of the infected beta-cells showed virus-like particles in the cytoplasm. These results show that certain strains of Coxsackievirus B-4 in vitro can establish a persistent infection that might mimic, the more gradual loss of beta-cell function seen during the clinical course of autoimmune diabetes. The ability of this Coxsackievirus B-4 strain to establish a persistent infection might be due to substitution of 11 amino acids located at the surface of the structural protein VP1, adjacent to the predicted receptor binding canyon of the virus.
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| 8. |
- Yin, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Enterovirus RNA is found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a majority of type 1 diabetic children at onset
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 51:6, s. 1964-1971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the occurrence of enterovirus (EV)-RNA at the onset of childhood type 1 diabetes in all 24 new cases of childhood type 1 diabetes during 1 year in Uppsala county, Sweden. We also studied 24 matched control subjects and 20 siblings of the patients. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and EV-RNA detected by RT-PCR. Primers (groups A and B) corresponding to conserved regions in the 5' noncoding region (NCR) of EV were used in the PCRs, and the amplicons were sequenced. By the use of group A primers, EV-RNA was found in 12 (50%) of the 24 type 1 diabetic children, 5 (26%) of 19 siblings, and none of the control subjects. Both patients and siblings showed a higher frequency of EV-RNA compared with the control subjects. The group B primers detected EV-RNA in all three groups but did not show statistically significant differences between the groups. The EV-RNA positivity with the group B primers was 11 (46%) of 24 in the type 1 diabetic children, 11 (58%) of 19 in the siblings, and 7 (29%) of 24 in the control subjects. The significant difference between groups seen with the group A primers but not with the group B primers might indicate the existence of diabetogenic EV strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the PCR products revealed clustering of the sequences from patients and siblings into five major branches when the group A PCR primers were used. With the group B primers, the sequences from patients, siblings, and control subjects formed three major branches in the phylogenetic tree, where 6 of the 7 control subjects clustered together in a sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Seven of the type 1 diabetic children clustered together in another sub-branch of CBV-4/VD2921. Five of the type 1 diabetic children formed a branch together with the CBV-4/E2 strain, four clustered together with CBV-5, and one formed a branch with echovirus serotype. The presence of EV-RNA in the blood cells of most newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic children supports the hypothesis that a viral infection acts as an exogenous factor. In addition, sequencing of the PCR amplicons from the type 1 diabetic children, their siblings, and matched control subjects might reveal differences related to diabetogenic properties of such a virus.
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