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- Bjelke, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Rödlistade arter och naturvård i sand- och grustäkter
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Naturligt störningspräglade sandmarker hyser en artrik och konkurrenskänslig flora och fauna. Sådana livsmiljöer har minskat drastiskt under 1900-talet. Under samma period ökade antalet sand- och grustäkter. Trots att täkterna ofta innebär stora ingrepp i naturen kan de utgöra viktiga ersättningshabitat för arter knutna till sandiga miljöer. Sedan några decennier så minskar även sand- och grustäkter starkt, beroende på att samhället vill bevara naturliga sand- och grusresurser. Produktionen har medvetet flyttats till bergkrossanläggningar och det ges idag mycket få tillstånd för utökad verksamhet eller nya sandtäkter. Från fler än 5 000 aktiva täkter på 1990-talet har antalet sjunkit till färre än 1 000. Täkter som avslutas har ofta föreskrifter om att planas ut och övertäckas vilket gör att deras naturvärden spolieras. Drygt 300 rödlistade arter har gynnats av sandtäkter när ursprungshabitaten minskat. Steklar och skalbaggar utgör de största grupperna med närmare två tredjedelar av arterna. Södra Sverige hyser störst rikedom av dessa arter men såväl täkter som arternas mer naturliga miljöer är bristfälligt undersökta, särskilt i glest befolkade delar av landet. För att bevara dessa täktlevande arter krävs att naturvården arbetar för att förhindra att avslutade täkter planas ut eller täcks över. Det är av stor betydelse att naturvårdande myndigheter ges tillräckliga styrmedel och ekonomiska resurser att arbeta med täkter. Genom enkla åtgärder kan de skapade livsmiljöerna i täkter bevaras till en låg kostnad jämfört med andra alternativa biotopvårdande åtgärder. Rapporten belyser artsamhällena som kan finnas i täkter samt viktiga strategier och åtgärder för naturvård i dessa miljöer. Rapporten har finansierats av Naturvårdsverket och av SLU:s medel för fortlöpande miljöanalys.
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| 5. |
- Dahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ecological continuity on species richness and composition in forests and woodlands: A review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Écoscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1195-6860 .- 2376-7626. ; 21, s. 34-45
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests and woodlands with a long, uninterrupted presence (continuity) are often associated with high biodiversity and many habitat specialist species. But the mechanisms by which, and the scales in time and space at which, populations are dependent on continuity remain debated. We examine the spatial and temporal scales at which occurrences of plants, fungi, and invertebrates are affected by continuity and consider whether they are restricted by time for colonization (continuity per se) or by habitat formation times. We give improved definitions of landscape and local levels of continuity anti evaluate the empirical literature with respect to these. By critically examining the reported effects of continuity on the occurrence of species in forests and woodlands, we explore the mechanisms behind the patterns at local and landscape scales. We conclude that many species are dispersal-limited in the current fragmented landscapes and occur mainly in landscapes with surplus continuity, meaning that the availability of habitats was greater in the past than it is currently. Our review indicates that local continuity per se is important at least for many forest herbs and for certain species of epiphytic lichens, insects, and land snails, but to a lesser extent for fungi. Several studies show that landscape-level continuity affects the current occurrence of species, in particular for vascular plants, but also for particular lichen, bryophyte, and invertebrate species. For continuity-dependent species, a successful conservation strategy should include both extending the period of habitat duration in relict patches and promoting habitat formation in the immediate surroundings of potential source patches. Conservation strategies need to acknowledge the continuity dependence of many species. Research on how to shorten habitat formation times by forest restoration is an urgent priority.
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- Ekman, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Raphidicyrtis trichosporella new to Sweden.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Graphis Scripta. - 0901-7593. ; 25:1, s. 6-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella (Nyl.) Vain. is reported here as new to Sweden from five sites in the southernmost part of the country, two in the province of Skåne and three in Småland. All sites are deciduous woodlands of different composition, but most likely with a long ecological continuity. Two records are from scaling bark of Alnus glutinosa in Alnus swamps, two from hard and smooth bark of Fagus sylvatica in shady and humid Fagus forests, and one from the shallow furrows of a young Quercus robur in a semi-open woodland dominated by Quercus and Tilia.
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- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Replacing coniferous monocultures with mixed-species production stands: An assessment of the potential benefits for forest biodiversity in northern Europe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 260, s. 939-947
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conifer dominated plantations in central and northern Europe are associated with relatively low ecological values, and in some cases, may be vulnerable to disturbances caused by anthropogenic climate change. This has prompted the consideration of alternative tree species compositions for use in production forestry in this region. Here we evaluate the likely biodiversity costs and benefits of supplanting Norway spruce (Picea abies) monocultures with polycultures of spruce and birch (Betula spp.) in southern Sweden. This polyculture alternative has previously been evaluated in terms of economic, recreational, and silvicultural benefits. By also assessing the ecological implications we fill a gap in our understanding of the range of socio-ecological benefits that can be achieved from a single polyculture alternative. We project likely broad scale changes to species richness and abundance within production stands for five taxonomic groups including ground vegetation, tree-living bryophytes, lichens, saproxylic beetles, and birds. Our research leads us to three key findings. First, the replacement of spruce monocultures with spruce–birch polycultures in the managed forest landscapes of southern Sweden can be expected to result in an increase in biological diversity for most but not all taxa assessed, but it is unlikely to improve conditions for many red-listed forest species. Second, modification of other aspects of forest management (i.e. rotation length, dead wood and green tree retention, thinning regimes) is likely to contribute to further biodiversity gains using spruce–birch polycultures than spruce monocultures. Third, the paucity of empirical research which directly compares the biodiversity of different types of managed production stands, limits the extent to which policy relevant conclusions can be extracted from the scientific literature. We discuss the wider implications of our findings, which indicate that some climate change adaptation strategies, such as risk-spreading, can be readily integrated with the economic, environmental and social goals of multi-use forestry
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- Fritz, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Bjurkärr – en småländsk bokskog med unika lavar och svampar.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. - 0039-646X. ; 108:3–4, s. 2-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The old beech forest (250–300 yr) at Bjurkärr (core area 30 ha) in the province of Småland, S Sweden, was surveyed for epiphytic lichens of conservation concern in 1993–94. Several rare red-listed lichens were recorded, many with large populations. In 2011 the most endangered lichens were resurveyed due to the incorporation of Bjurkärr in the forthcoming national park of Lake Åsnen. Most species of the 1993–94 survey were rediscovered, whereas some apparently had vanished as a result of substrate decomposition. In addition, ten more red-listed lichens were recorded in 2011, e.g., Arthonia arthonioides and Collema fragrans. We also recorded Biatora ligni-mollis, not previously reported from Sweden. In all, 39 red-listed lichens are currently known from the area. Few areas in Sweden host such a large number of red-listed epiphytic lichens. In addition, the wood-inhabiting fungi on beech logs and snags were surveyed in 2011. The content of dead wood was high. A large number of red-listed or otherwise interesting wood-inhabiting fungi were recorded, e.g., Hericium erinaceus. Eleven fungal indicator species for valuable beech forests in Europe were recorded, the highest number for any Swedish beech forest. Factors explaining the high number of species of conservation concern include the long continuity of old, often slow-growing and damaged trees, the favourable geographical position in south Sweden, the suitable microclimate caused by the large neighboring lake and the exemption from modern forestry.
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