| 1. |
- Allegrini, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
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Quality and generation rate of solid residues in the boiler of a waste-to-energy plant
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 270, s. 127-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Danish waste management system relies significantly on waste-to-energy (WtE) plants. The ash produced at the energy recovery section (boiler ash) is classified as hazardous waste, and is commonly mixed with fly ash and air pollution control residues before disposal. In this study, a detailed characterization of boiler ash from a Danish grate-based mass burn type WtE was performed, to evaluate the potential for improving ash management. Samples were collected at 10 different points along the boiler's convective part, and analysed for grain size distribution, content of inorganic elements, polychlorinated dibenzo-. p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD and PCDF), and leaching of metals. For all samples, PCDD and PCDF levels were below regulatory limits, while high pH values and leaching of e.g. Cl were critical. No significant differences were found between boiler ash from individual sections of the boiler, in terms of total content and leaching, indicating that separate management of individual ash fractions may not provide significant benefits.
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| 2. |
- Pivnenko, Kostyantyn, et al.
(författare)
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in waste paper from danish household waste
- 2014
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Ingår i: Presented at the 5th International Conference on Engineering for Waste and Biomass Valorisation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 25-28, 2014.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 1930 and 1993 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) were extensively used in a variety of applications throughout the world. The applications were generally divided between closed (e.g. electrical transformers) and open. One of the most important open applications was as a solvent in carbonless copy paper. Although production and use of PCBs is heavily restricted in most of the countries, prolonged use of products containing PCBs as well as their physical-chemical characteristics and persistent nature allowed them to remain in the environment. The aim of the present paper was to provide an estimation of PCB concentrations in the waste paper samples from Danish household waste. Additionally, the goal was to estimate total amount of PCBs present in European paper and discuss implications it may have on paper recycling. Paper samples coming from Danish household waste were sorted into more detailed fractions to provide the composition of the waste flow. PCBs were quantified by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in all of the samples collected. Total concentrations of PCBs in paper and board ranged from 18 to 31 μg/kg. Results extrapolated to the total of European paper show that PCBs in paper represent relatively small amount when compared to other open type applications. Contamination of food with PCBs could potentially be of concern and should be assessed in more details.
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