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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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- Amundadottir, Laufey, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the ABO locus associated with susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 41, s. 986-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of pancreatic cancer, a cancer with one of the lowest survival rates worldwide. We genotyped 558,542 SNPs in 1,896 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 1,939 controls drawn from 12 prospective cohorts plus one hospital-based case-control study. We conducted a combined analysis of these groups plus an additional 2,457 affected individuals and 2,654 controls from eight case-control studies, adjusting for study, sex, ancestry and five principal components. We identified an association between a locus on 9q34 and pancreatic cancer marked by the SNP rs505922 (combined P = 5.37 x 10(-8); multiplicative per-allele odds ratio 1.20; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.28). This SNP maps to the first intron of the ABO blood group gene. Our results are consistent with earlier epidemiologic evidence suggesting that people with blood group O may have a lower risk of pancreatic cancer than those with groups A or B.
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- Fuchs, A., et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire fin field effect transistors via UV-based nanoimprint lithography
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B. - : American Vacuum Society. - 1071-1023 .- 1520-8567. ; 24:6, s. 2964-2967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A triple step alignment process for UV nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) for the fabrication of nanoscale fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) is presented. An alignment accuracy is demonstrated between two functional layers of less than 20 nm (3 sigma). The electrical characterization of the FinFETs fabricated by a full NIL process demonstrates the potential of UV-NIL for future nanoelectronic devices.
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- Kjellman, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Open Peer Commentaries
- 2008
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Ingår i: Constructivist Foundations. - : ALEXANDER RIEGLER. - 1782-348X. ; 3:2, s. 65-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Open peer commentary on the target article "Who Conceives of Society?" by Ernst von Glasersfeld. First paragraph: Ernst von Glasersfeld sets out to explain how familiar patterns (signs) arise in private experience - and how they are extracted or " recognized" as such. These patterns are recursive, which imposes significance (familiarity) on them, and are, in the course of time, collected into a " bulk of experience." I think a convinced constructivist can - if hesitantly - accept his rendering, even though it is one that lacks the stringency one expects from a supposedly natural scientist ( 46). However, the crucial point is that this paper does not address the convinced constructivist but rather the opposite camps, and I doubt he succeeds in convincing them.
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