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- Carninci, P, et al.
(författare)
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The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome
- 2005
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 309:5740, s. 1559-1563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5′ and 3′ boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
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| 5. |
- Doornenbal, P., et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopy of 32Ne and the "œIsland of Inversion"
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 103:3, s. 032501-1-032501-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the first spectroscopic study of the N = 22 nucleus 32Ne at the newly completed RIKEN Radioactive Ion Beam Factory. A single γ-ray line with an energy of 722(9) keV was observed in both inelastic scattering of a 226 MeV=u 32Ne beam on a carbon target and proton removal from 33Na at 245 MeV=u. This transition is assigned to the deexcitation of the first Jπ = 2+ state in 32Ne to the 0+ ground state. Interpreted through comparison with state-of-the-art shell-model calculations, the low excitation energy demonstrates that the ‘‘island of inversion’’ extends to at least N = 22 for the Ne isotopes.
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| 6. |
- Tanaka, T., et al.
(författare)
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Symmetry and vibrationally resolved absorption spectra near the OK edge of N2O : Experiment and theory
- 2007
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Ingår i: Chemical Physics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2614 .- 1873-4448. ; 435:4-6, s. 182-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved energetic-ion yield spectra have been measured in the 0 Is excitation region of N2O. Franck-Condon analysis based on ab initio two-dimensional potential energy surfaces of the core-excited Rydberg states reproduces well the observed vibrational excitations specific to the individual Rydberg states. The irregular Rydberg behavior in the Sigma-symmetry absorption spectrum is attributed the valence-Rydberg coupling in light of the second moment analysis.
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- Yagnik, Suresh, et al.
(författare)
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Round-Robin Testing of Fracture Toughness Characteristics of Thin-Walled Tubing
- 2008
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Ingår i: ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY. - : ASTM International. - 9780803145146 ; , s. 205-226-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cladding fracture behavior is an important consideration, particularly in secondary damage of fuel cladding during service and during handling and storage of discharged fuel. A number of test techniques are available that approximate the stress-state experienced by the cladding for crack initiation and propagation in the axial direction (z) and thus provide a measure of the crack propagation resistance. However, the classical fracture mechanics procedure cannot be applied directly to the thin-walled cladding geometry. Thus, attempts to measure fracture toughness have been influenced not only by material characteristics but also by the technique used to measure it. A large scatter in the reported data exists. Crack propagation resistance in the radial direction (r) is even harder to quantify due to the small wall thickness. We report here on our collaborative round-robin exercise to measure and evaluate fracture toughness in unirradiated tubing at 20 and 300°C, wherein seven laboratories participated in testing samples from the same set of materials. The samples were from RXA and SRA Zircaloy-4 cladding and an aluminum alloy tubing of dimensions same as the cladding. All three tubing materials were precharacterized using standard procedures for tensile property measurements. The KIC for the aluminum alloy block material, from which the tubing was machined, was measured using standard CT (compact tension) testing. The relative toughness of the three materials is known to vary as aluminum alloy J values from load-displacement curves. Values for J were generated using a finite element simulation of crack initiation and propagation in the ICM and the stress intensity factor KI calculated in the BT. The paper includes data from various techniques and a comparative analysis that was performed. We conclude that the appropriate parameters for comparison purposes in these studies are J0.2 and (dJ/da)0.2. Jmax is less meaningful because of the extensive plasticity exhibited by the cladding material and the observation that crack extensions were far from comparable from different tests at maximum load. Each testing method was clearly able to distinguish the expected toughness order among the three materials. Reproducibility within each test method was very good compared to the scatter normally expected in fracture toughness testing. J0.2 values, for SRA Zircaloy-4 at room temperature, fell into two groups; comparison of the toughness values among the various testing methods was surprisingly good, with standard deviations in the range, 5–17 %, although such an agreement was limited to techniques within each group. Reasons for the differences, such as loading at the crack tip, the methods used for measuring crack extension “Δa,” and the procedures adopted for analysis of the data were explored. It is clear that for thin-walled Zircaloy tubing no single value of fracture toughness exists. However, it does appear possible to obtain a useful toughness value that is appropriate for a specific application, if the technique specimen geometry and local stress-strain conditions closely models the application.
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