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- Büchert, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dioxin contamination in food : Bayreuth, Germany, from September 28 to October 1, 2000
- 2001
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Ecomed Publishers. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 8:2, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dioxin and PCB monitoring programs for food and feeding stuff in most countries of the world, including many European Countries are currently inadequate. Better control of food production lines and food processing procedures is needed to minimize entry of dioxin to the food chain and will help to avoid dioxin contamination accidents. This would also improve the ability to trace back a possible contamination to its source. European guidelines for monitoring programs should be established to ensure comparable and meaningful results. These guidelines should define the minimum requirements for the design of monitoring programs, analytical methods, and quality assurance.Though data from Northern Europe shows that the general population exposure to dioxin and PCB has decreased during the last ten years these compounds continue to be a risk of accidental contamination of the food chain. The most prominent recent example is the Belgian dioxin contamination of feeding stuff in 1999. The Belgian dioxin contamination was not detected due to dioxin monitoring programs but by their direct biological effects seen in animals. Four other cases of dioxin contamination have been detected in Europe since 1997 due to local monitoring programs. One of them (citrus pulp pellets 1998) was in a much larger scale than the Belgian dioxin contamination.The general population's exposure to dioxins and PCBs is still in the same range (1-4 pg WHO-TEQ/kg body weight and day) as the recently revised WHO tolerable daily intake (TDI). There is concern that short-term high level exposure to dioxins, furans, and PCB may cause biological effects on the human fetal development and further research is required.Further actions to control sources building on considerable advances already made in many countries may need to be supplemented by measures to prevent direct contamination of feeding stuff or food to reduce general population exposure further.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Valdimarsdottir, U., et al.
(författare)
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Awareness of husband's impending death from cancer and long-term anxiety in widowhood: a nationwide follow-up
- 2004
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Ingår i: Palliat Med. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2163 .- 1477-030X. ; 18:5, s. 432-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated the predictors and long-term consequences of awareness time - the length of time a woman is aware of her husband's impending death from cancer. METHODS: All women (n = 506) living in Sweden under 80 years of age who lost their husband/partner owing to cancer of the prostate in 1996 or of the urinary bladder in 1995 or 1996 were followed with an anonymous postal questionnaire, 2-4 years after their loss. RESULTS: We received completed questionnaires from 379 of the widows. Of these, 55 (15%) reported an awareness time of 24 hours or less, 56 (15%) of 3-6 months and 95 (26%) of one year or more. The associations between the awareness time and morbidity were of a reverted 'J-shape,' with awareness time of 24 hours or less carrying the highest risk and 3-6/6-12 months the lowest. On comparing the awareness time of 24 hours or less with 3-6 months (preformed response category), the relative risks for anxiety were found to be 1.9. (1.0-3.6) (visual digital scale) and 4.5 (1.0-20.0) for intake of tranquillising drugs. Those not informed of their husband's fatal condition or not provided with psychological support by caregivers during their husband's last months of life had an increased risk of a short awareness time. CONCLUSIONS: During a man's terminal cancer illness, the wife's awareness time varies considerably and is influenced by information and psychological support from caregivers. A short awareness time may result in an additional and avoidable psychological trauma.
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| 5. |
- Lundström, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea : Dexamethasone and adrenal response patterns in patients and healthy volunteers
- 2000
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 8:5, s. 431-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea is still a clinical problem, and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that corticosteroids are involved, although the mechanisms by which corticosteroids exert their anti-emetic effect are largely unknown. We have previously found impaired control of delayed nausea after injection of dexamethasone. The possibility of differences in the recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis after injection of dexamethasone was investigated in patients (n = 5) with gynaecological cancer being treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and in healthy female volunteers (n = 10). Urinary free cortisol was used to assess the levels of endogenous cortisol. Results showed that in both patients and controls injections of dexamethasone led to a significant decline in endogenous cortisol levels in 24 h and a subsequent significant recovery in the next 24 h. We conclude that the recovery of the HPA axis is rapid after a single dose of dexamethasone in patients and controls. The absence of an abnormal response pattern in patients makes it probable that the suppression and recovery of the HPA axis after injection of dexamethasone does not influence the corticosteroid-induced rebound effect on delayed platinum-induced nausea.
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| 6. |
- Valdimarsdottir, U, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of widowhood after terminal cancer: a Swedish nationwide follow-up
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of public health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 31:1, s. 31-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The authors investigated whether becoming a widow after the death of a husband from cancer results in long-term psychological or physical morbidity. Method: In April and May 1999, an attempt was made to contact all of the 506 women who were living with men dying of prostate cancer in 1996 or of urinary bladder cancer in 1995 or 1996, as well as 287 population controls. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 379 of the widows and 220 of the controls. Widowhood was associated with a low or moderate subjective quality of life (relative risk [RR]=1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2—1.7), low or moderate psychological well-being (RR=1.8, 1.4—2.3), anxiety (RR=1.9, 1.3—2.7), depression (RR=2.2, 1.6—2.9), sleep disturbances (RR=1.9, 1.5—2.4), diabetes (RR=3.5, 1.2—7.9), and economic dissatisfaction (RR=1.6, 1.3—2.0). Conclusion: An excess risk of psychological morbidity, diabetes mellitus and dissatisfaction with the economic situation was found in the widowed population.
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