| 1. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Refugee Return Migration : Return Migration from Sweden to Chile, Iran and Poland 1973-1996
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925. ; 20:4, s. 579-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, return migration from Sweden to three sources of refugee immigration is analysed, with a focus on the effect of political change in 1990. Chilean immigrants reacted more strongly to political liberalization in the home country than Polish immigrants did, primarily due to more favourable economic circumstances in Chile compared to Poland in the 1990s. In fact, the increase in Polish return migration propensity after 1990 is not statistically different from the Iranian increase, in spite of the absence of political liberalization in Iran. There are significant cohort differences within the Chilean group, indicating an element of economically motivated migration within the last waves of Chilean refugee immigration in the late 1980s. Hence, successful implementation of schemes of voluntary return migration for refugees will not only be dependent on an improved political situation in the source country, but will also be highly dependent on economic circumstances.
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| 2. |
- Hudson, Alan G., et al.
(författare)
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Genomic signatures of relaxed disruptive selection associated with speciation reversal in whitefish
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Evolutionary Biology. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2148. ; 13, s. 108-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Speciation reversal: the erosion of species differentiation via an increase in introgressive hybridization due to the weakening of previously divergent selection regimes, is thought to be an important, yet poorly understood, driver of biodiversity loss. Our study system, the Alpine whitefish (Coregonus spp.) species complex is a classic example of a recent postglacial adaptive radiation: forming an array of endemic lake flocks, with the independent origination of similar ecotypes among flocks. However, many of the lakes of the Alpine radiation have been seriously impacted by anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, resulting in a collapse in neutral genetic and phenotypic differentiation within the most polluted lakes. Here we investigate the effects of eutrophication on the selective forces that have shaped this radiation, using population genomics. We studied eight sympatric species assemblages belonging to five independent parallel adaptive radiations, and one species pair in secondary contact. We used AFLP markers, and applied F-ST outlier (BAYESCAN, DFDIST) and logistic regression analyses (MATSAM), to identify candidate regions for disruptive selection in the genome and their associations with adaptive traits within each lake flock. The number of outlier and adaptive trait associated loci identified per lake were then regressed against two variables (historical phosphorus concentration and contemporary oxygen concentration) representing the strength of eutrophication. Results: Whilst we identify disruptive selection candidate regions in all lake flocks, we find similar trends, across analysis methods, towards fewer disruptive selection candidate regions and fewer adaptive trait/candidate loci associations in the more polluted lakes. Conclusions: Weakened disruptive selection and a concomitant breakdown in reproductive isolating mechanisms in more polluted lakes has lead to increased gene flow between coexisting Alpine whitefish species. We hypothesize that the resulting higher rates of interspecific recombination reduce either the number or extent of genomic islands of divergence surrounding loci evolving under disruptive natural selection. This produces the negative trend seen in the number of selection candidate loci recovered during genome scans of whitefish species flocks, with increasing levels of anthropogenic eutrophication: as the likelihood decreases that AFLP restriction sites will fall within regions of heightened genomic divergence and therefore be classified as F-ST outlier loci. This study explores for the first time the potential effects of human-mediated relaxation of disruptive selection on heterogeneous genomic divergence between coexisting species.
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| 3. |
- Loborg, Helena, 1963-
(författare)
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A novel method using DNA binding fluorochromes as indirect probes to study linker histone-chromatin interactions in situ
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the years, a variety of methods have been used to study chromatin structure. These techniques have provided valuable information about nuclear framework, chromatin organisation, and the proteins that are involved in the formation and maintenance of chromatin. However, neither ultrastructural nor biochemical methods are suitable for investigating the dynamics of chromatin structure in structurally preserved nuclei. DNA binding fluorochromes can be used as indirect probes of chromatin structure, because their accessibility to DNA is detennined by the chromatin structure, which enables cytochemical studies of relatively undamaged cells. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to develop a cytochemical method using the fluorocbromes 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAMD) and 4', 6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI) to study protein-DNA interactions in essentially intact cell nuclei.Both fluorochromes proved to be useful as probes of chromatin structure, particularly to study Iinker histone-chromatin interactions. Suitable protocols for permeabilisation, salt extraction of linker histones, fixation, and staining were established. Permeabilisation with digitonin followed by linker histone extraction at various NaCl concentrations and subsequent fixation in paraformaldehyde was found to enable analysis of linker histone affinity for chromatin in situ. Although the cells became fragile during the salt extraction, this protocol provided individual cells that could be measured by image cytofluorometry.In such analyses, DAPI had several advantages over 7-AAMD. At a concentration of 50 nM DAPI, all of the high-affinity binding sites were occupied, with only minor contributions from binding sites with lower affinity. This approach was used to study linker histone affinity in different types of cells, in cells in different stages of the cell cycle, and during cell differentiation in vivo. Our results indicate differences between the investigated cell types in regard to average Iinker histone affinity. It is generally assumed that increased linker histone affinity is associated with chromatin condensation, but that is not supported by our findings. Human fibroblasts showed substantially lower linker histone affinity for highly condensed metaphase chromatin than for interphase chromatin. Moreover, we found a tendency toward decreasing linker histone affinities in amphibian erytbroblasts that were developing into tenninally differentiated erythrocytes. However, as expected, mature avian erythrocytes showed strongly bound linker histones, probably due to their high arginine content. In conclusion, our results suggest that linker histone affinity is not directly involved in chromatin condensation.
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| 4. |
- Shukla, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of a tunable glucose biosensor based on zinc oxide/chitosan-graft-poly (vinyl alcohol) core-shell nanocomposite
- 2012
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140. ; 99, s. 283-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentiometrically tuned-glucose biosensor was fabricated using core-shell nanocomposite based on zinc oxide encapsulated chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL). In a typical experiment, ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL core-shell nanocomposite containing <20 nm ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized using wet-chemical method. The glucose responsive bio-electrode, i.e., glucose oxidase/ZnO/chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO) was obtained by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto the electrode made of resulting ZnO core-shell nanocomposite coated on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO and GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL electrodes were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL size of core-shell nanoparticles were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrostatic interaction between GOD and ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL provided the resulting tuned enzyme electrode with a high degree of enzyme immobilization and excellent lifetime stability. The response studies were carried out as a function of glucose concentration with potentiometric measurement. The GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO bioelectrode has showed a linear potential response to the glucose concentration ranging from 2 mu M to 1.2 mM. The glucose biosensor exhibited a fast surface-controlled redox biochemistry with a detection limit of 0.2 mu M, a sensitivity of >0.04 V/mu M and a response time of three sec. ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL core-shell nanocomposite could be a promising nanomaterials for a range of enzymic biosensors.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lee, Tzong-Ru, et al.
(författare)
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How Asian Entrepreneurs Balance Business and Family Life : A Case Study from Taiwan
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceeding of the International Conference on Technology Innovation and Industrial Management, Bari, 27-29 May, 2015.. ; , s. 1049-1058
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship is one of the hottest research topics in the world and one common research area within this field is the entrepreneurial model or process. The successful entrepreneurial model in the western world is a well-discussed topic. However this model is not applicable in the Asian world due to cultural differences. In the western world, business and family life are clearly separated, but in Asia, there is no clear boundary. The aim of this study is to investigate how Asian entrepreneurs balance business and family life. The study focuses on how the entrepreneur balance business and family life in the entrepreneurial process and on identifying the most critical factors for long-term entrepreneurial success. These issues have been examined through a single case study including the Taiwanese enterprise FU NIANG FANG. This study has identified twelve key factors leading to the enterprise’s success. These key factors are: (1) Product and service innovation, (2) Mechanism to ensure service and product quality, (3) Quoted purchase, (4) Interaction with suppliers, (5) Market segmentation, (6) Value proposition, (7) Site selection, (8) Barriers to market entry and relationships with competitors, (9) Interactions with customers, (10) Talent demand, (11) Entrepreneurial team members and their experiences related to entrepreneurship in past, and (12) Venture financing. This study is explorative in nature and is limited to one company located in Taiwan. Thus, more empirical data should be gathered to reinforce the validity of the findings.
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| 7. |
- Jones, Daniel O.B., et al.
(författare)
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Environment, ecology, and potential effectiveness of an area protected from deep-sea mining (Clarion Clipperton Zone, abyssal Pacific)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611. ; 197:September-October 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To protect the range of habitats, species, and ecosystem functions in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a region of interest for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining in the Pacific, nine Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) have been designated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The APEIs are remote, rarely visited and poorly understood. Here we present and synthesise all available observations made at APEI-6, the most north eastern APEI in the network, and assess its representativity of mining contract areas in the eastern CCZ. The two studied regions of APEI-6 have a variable morphology, typical of the CCZ, with hills, plains and occasional seamounts. The seafloor is predominantly covered by fine-grained sediments, and includes small but abundant polymetallic nodules, as well as exposed bedrock. The oceanographic parameters investigated appear broadly similar across the region although some differences in deep-water mass separation were evident between APEI-6 and some contract areas. Sediment biogeochemistry is broadly similar across the area in the parameters investigated, except for oxygen penetration depth, which reached >2 m at the study sites within APEI-6, deeper than that found at UK1 and GSR contract areas. The ecology of study sites in APEI-6 differs from that reported from UK1 and TOML-D contract areas, with differences in community composition of microbes, macrofauna, xenophyophores and metazoan megafauna. Some species were shared between areas although connectivity appears limited. We show that, from the available information, APEI-6 is partially representative of the exploration areas to the south yet is distinctly different in several key characteristics. As a result, additional APEIs may be warranted and caution may need to be taken in relying on the APEI network alone for conservation, with other management activities required to help mitigate the impacts of mining in the CCZ.
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| 8. |
- Schulz, Michael, 1960
(författare)
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Palestine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Peters, Joel (ed.) The European Union and the Arab Spring.. - Lanham : Lexington Books.. - 9780739174432 ; , s. 65-76
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter will analyze how the EU’s security thinking in the field of democracy and human rights has unfolded in relation to the Palestinian Authority in the so-called Palestinian self-rule areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. In order to do so this chaper will 1) address the role that the EU has played in promoting human rights and democracy in the Palestinian self-rule areas and the effectiveness of those policies; 2) assess the response of the EU to events and protests that were inspired by the Arab Spring throughout the Palestinian self-rule areas during this year, 3) discuss the steps that European countries need to take in light of these developments. It will be argued that the EU overall framing of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (IPC) historically can be linked to its way of framing normative positions in relation to human rights and democratic principles.
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| 9. |
- Walfridsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of AZD0837, a novel direct thrombin inhibitor, on the electrophysiological properties of the human heart: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical drug investigation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1173-2563 .- 1179-1918. ; 30:7, s. 461-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: AZD0837 is an investigational oral anticoagulant that is bioconverted to its active form, AR-H067637, a selective direct thrombin inhibitor. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the present study were to investigate if there are any clinically relevant adverse effects of intravenous AZD0837 on cardiac conduction, refractoriness and repolarization, and to study its safety and tolerability. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study (study code D1250C00026), invasive electrophysiological measurements were performed twice in 30 subjects with a history of, or ongoing, atrial flutter, starting 30 minutes after successful ablation of atrial flutter and then 60 minutes after start of an intravenous infusion of AZD0837. Pre-study warfarin therapy was not an exclusion criterion. The stimulation protocol was performed mainly at 500 and 400 ms drive cycle length. A 12-lead ECG was also recorded before and during AZD0837 infusion. Plasma concentrations of AZD0837 and its metabolites were obtained at predefined timepoints. RESULTS: Measurements were made at baseline and during stable plasma concentrations of the prodrug AZD0837 (mean +/- standard deviation 7.96 +/- 2.38 micromol/L, approximate target of 10 micromol/L), the intermediate metabolite AR-H69927 (1.26 +/- 0.39 micromol/L, target 1-2 micromol/L) and the active direct thrombin inhibitor AR-H067637 (0.35 +/- 0.14 micromol/L, target 0.5-1.0 micromol/L). There were no clinically relevant effects on cardiac conduction (QRS duration, PR interval, His bundle electrogram, Wenckebach point), refractoriness (atrial, atrioventricular and ventricular effective refractory periods) or repolarization (QT, QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula, QRS onset to the top of the T wave [QT(top)], QRS onset to the end of the T wave [QT(end)] or QT(top) - QT(end)). CONCLUSIONS: AZD0837 was well tolerated, and had no clinically relevant effects on cardiac electrophysiology of the target population, either in subjects previously treated with warfarin or in those without previous treatment.
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| 10. |
- Maligranda, Lech, et al.
(författare)
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On the James constant and B-convexity of Cesàro and Cesàro–Orlicz sequence spaces
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-247X .- 1096-0813. ; 326:1, s. 312-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The classical James constant and the nth James constants, which are measure of B-convexity for the Cesàro sequence spaces cesp and the Cesàro–Orlicz sequence spaces cesM, are calculated. These investigations show that cesp, cesM are not uniformly non-square and even they are not B-convex. Therefore the classical Cesàro sequence spaces cesp are natural examples of reflexive spaces which are not B-convex. Moreover, the James constant for the two-dimensional Cesàro space ces₂(²) is calculated.
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