| 1. |
- Kvärndrup, Sigurd, et al.
(författare)
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Trolldom : Studier i Hyltén-Cavallius naturmytiska universum
- 2008
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Ingår i: En värld för sig själv. - : Växjö University Press, Växjö. - 9789176365861 ; , s. 39-
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi argumenterer for at man kan forstå de naturmytiske viser i George Stephens manuskriptsamling ud fra fem forskellige, mentalitetshistoriske anskuelsesformer, og det sker med udgangspunkt i Gunnar Olof Hyltén-Cavallius etnologiske hovedverk "Wärend och Wirdarne" (1864-1868). Dette kan måske fungere som udgangspunkt for en närmere bestemmelse af det intermediale samspil mellem naturmytisk tekst og melodi, som vist af Magnus Gustafsson i artiklens anden, svensksprogede del.
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| 2. |
- Lau, Cheuk Wah, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the Equilibrium Core Characteristics for the Ringhals-3 PWR with Improved Thermal Margins Using Uranium-thorium Fuel
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ICAPP 2013. ; , s. 8-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, PWR core thermal margins have decreased because of higher enrichment of U-235 in the fuel assemblies to achieve higher discharge burnup, higher core power to improve economical competiveness, and reduction of fast neutron leakage to prevent rapid ageing of the pressure vessel. Thus, a new uranium-thorium-based fuel assembly is proposed for improving the thermal margins. The proposed fuel is simulated for the Swedish Ringhals-3 PWR equilibrium core in a realistic demonstration. The difference between the uranium-thorium and traditional fuel assemblies is the fuel pellets composition. In the uranium-thorium fuel assembly, 7 weight percentage of thorium oxide is added to some of the fuel pellets. In those fuel pellets, the enrichment is kept below 5 % enrichment of U-235 in order to avoid extra certification on transport, management and storage.The two most significant results showed in this paper are the improved pin peak power, and the axial offset in the core. The pin peak power margin could be improved by 75 % by using the uranium-thorium-based fuel compared with the reference core containing traditional fuel assemblies. The maximum axial offset was decreased by 33 % using the uranium-thorium-based fuel compared with the reference core. The improved thermal margins in the core would allow more flexible core designs with less neutron leakage, or could be used for power uprates while guaranteeing sufficient safety margins.
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| 3. |
- Lau, Danny C P, et al.
(författare)
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Macroinvertebrate traits in Arctic streams reveal latitudinal patterns in physiology and habits that are strongly linked to climate
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - 2296-701X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Arctic freshwater ecosystems are undergoing rapid environmental transformation because of climate change, which is predicted to produce fundamental alterations in river community structure and function.Methods: We explored how climate change affects benthic invertebrate communities of Arctic streams by examining patterns of their biological traits along latitudinal and climatic gradients in eastern North America (Canada) and northwestern Europe (Sweden, Norway).Results: Despite differences in taxonomic composition between continents, we identified similarities in the functional trait niche (FTN) of predominant macroinvertebrate taxonomic groups. Trait composition differed by latitude in eastern Canada, with a predominance of cold-tolerant taxa, tubular body shape, and cased and attached habits at the highest latitudes. Differences in trait composition were evident among ecoregions in Europe, with trait dominance at the highest latitudes that was comparable to North America. There was a similar increase in the relative abundance of cold tolerance and tubular body shape and a decrease in obligate shredders and trait richness with decreasing temperatures across both continents.Discussion: These patterns are indicative of FTNs that include physiological traits and habits that are advantageous for the low temperatures, short ice-free period, and low riparian vegetation cover at the highest latitudes. We predict that climate change will lead to an increase in functional diversity at high latitudes, as organisms with trait modalities that are currently only found at lower latitudes move northward. However, this change in trait composition will be mediated by the effect of spatial connectivity on dispersal ability, with slower change occurring on Arctic islands. These findings can support modelling of future change in Arctic freshwater assemblages in response to ongoing climate change.
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| 4. |
- Lau, Danny C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Multitrophic biodiversity patterns and environmental descriptors of sub‐Arctic lakes in northern Europe
- 2022
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 67:1, s. 30-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Arctic and sub‐Arctic lakes in northern Europe are increasingly threatened by climate change, which can affect their biodiversity directly by shifting thermal and hydrological regimes, and indirectly by altering landscape processes and catchment vegetation. Most previous studies of northern lake biodiversity responses to environmental changes have focused on only a single organismal group. Investigations at whole‐lake scales that integrate different habitats and trophic levels are currently rare, but highly necessary for future lake monitoring and management.2. We analysed spatial biodiversity patterns of 74 sub‐Arctic lakes in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and the Faroe Islands with monitoring data for at least three biological focal ecosystem components (FECs)—benthic diatoms, macrophytes, phytoplankton, littoral benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, and fish—that covered both pelagic and benthic habitats and multiple trophic levels.3. We calculated the richnessrelative (i.e. taxon richness of a FEC in the lake divided by the total richness of that FEC in all 74 lakes) and the biodiversity metrics (i.e. taxon richness, inverse Simpson index (diversity), and taxon evenness) of individual FECs using presence–absence and abundance data, respectively. We then investigated whether the FEC richnessrelative and biodiversity metrics were correlated with lake abiotic and geospatial variables. We hypothesised that (1) individual FECs would be more diverse in a warmer and wetter climate (e.g. at lower latitudes and/or elevations), and in hydrobasins with greater forest cover that could enhance the supply of terrestrial organic matter and nutrients that stimulated lake productivity; and (2) patterns in FEC responses would be coupled among trophic levels.4. Results from redundancy analyses showed that the richnessrelative of phytoplankton, macrophytes, and fish decreased, but those of the intermediate trophic levels (i.e. macroinvertebrates and zooplankton) increased with decreasing latitude and/or elevation. Fish richnessrelative and diversity increased with increasing temporal variation in climate (temperature and/or precipitation), ambient nutrient concentrations (e.g. total nitrogen) in lakes, and woody vegetation (e.g. taiga forest) cover in hydrobasins, whereas taxon richness of macroinvertebrates and zooplankton decreased with increasing temporal variation in climate.5. The similar patterns detected for richnessrelative of fish, macrophytes, and phytoplankton could be caused by similar responses to the environmental descriptors, and/or the beneficial effects of macrophytes as habitat structure. By creating habitat, macrophytes may increase fish diversity and production, which in turn may promote higher densities and probably more diverse assemblages of phytoplankton through trophic cascades. Lakes with greater fish richnessrelative tended to have greater average richnessrelative among FECs, suggesting that fish are a potential indicator for overall lake biodiversity.6. Overall, the biodiversity patterns observed along the environmental gradients were trophic‐level specific, indicating that an integrated food‐web perspective may lead to a more holistic understanding of ecosystem biodiversity in future monitoring and management of high‐latitude lakes. In future, monitoring should also focus on collecting more abundance data for fish and lower trophic levels in both benthic and pelagic habitats. This may require more concentrated sampling effort on fewer lakes at smaller spatial scales, while continuing to sample lakes distributed along environmental gradients.
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| 5. |
- Lau, Joey, et al.
(författare)
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Beneficial role of pancreatic microenvironment for angiogenesis in transplanted pancreatic islets
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 18:1, s. 23-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic islets implanted heterotopically (i.e., into the kidney, spleen, or liver) become poorly revascularized following transplantation. We hypothesized that islets implanted into the pancreas Would become better revascularized. Islets isolated from transgenic mice expressing enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in all somatic cells were Cultured before they were implanted into the pancreas or beneath the renal capsule of athymic mice. Vascular density was evaluated in histological sections 1 month posttransplantation. EYFP was used as reporter for the transgene to identify the transplanted islets. Islet endothelial cells were visualized by staining with the lectin Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS-1). Capillary numbers in intrapancreatically implanted islets were only slightly lower than those counted in endogenous islets, whereas islets implanted beneath the renal capsule had a markedly lower vascular density. In order to determine if this high graft vascular density at the intrapancreatic site reflected expansion of remnant donor endothelial cells or increased ingrowth of blood vessels from the host. also islets from Tie2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice (i.e., islets with fluorescent endothelial cells) were transplanted into the pancreas or beneath the renal capsule of athymic mice. These islet grafts revealed that the new vascular structures formed in the islet grafts contained very few GFP-positive cells, and thus mainly were of recipient origin. The reason(s) for the much better ingrowth of blood vessels at the intrapancreatic site merits further studies, because this may help us form strategies to overcome the barrier for ingrowth of host vessels also into islets in heterotopic implantation sites.
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| 6. |
- Nashid, Tanzina, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of women about menstrual regulation : Services: Qualitative interviews from selected urban areas of Dhaka
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. - 1606-0997 .- 2072-1315. ; 25:Dec, s. 392-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Menstrual regulation (MR) programmes were introduced in Bangladesh in 1974 to reduce morbidity and mortality due to unsafe abortions. About 468,000 MR procedures are performed annually, and its potential is not fully used. To develop MR programmes, the voices of women could add important aspects to its acceptability. This qualitative interview study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions about MR in a sample of women from Dhaka, Bangladesh. The most prominent perception was that, despite the moral dilemma inherent in terminating pregnancies, MR was highly valued as a solution in problematic life situations. However, unprofessional attitudes and misconduct among MR providers were revealed, and there was also a lack of knowledge and openness in families. To improve the quality of MR services, professional ethics needs to be highlighted in training and supervision of providers. To improve the acceptability of MR, education on the benefits of MR has to be made available to the whole population.
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| 7. |
- Thier, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Surgery for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and negative sestamibi scintigraphy--a feasibility study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 394:5, s. 4-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We report the surgical treatment of a consecutive series of scan negative patients with the intention of unilateral parathyroid exploration with the aid of intraoperative quick PTH (qPTH).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 35 consecutive sestamibi scan negative patients (27 women, eight men) with sporadic pHPT subjected to first time surgery. Median age was 70 years and median preoperative calcium level 2.8 mmol/L.RESULTS: Thirty-three patients had a histological diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma (median weight 0.48 g [range 0.12 g-2.5 g]). Nineteen patients were explored bilaterally and 16 patients (46%) were operated unilaterally. The median operation time was 40 min in the unilateral group and 95 min in the bilateral group (p < 0.001). Three patients were treated for postoperative hypocalcemia after bilateral exploration versus none in the unilateral group (p = 0.23). With a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, 33 patients (94.3%) were cured. One case of recurrent HPT presented after bilateral exploration with visualization of four glands. One case of persistent HPT was observed after unilateral exploration. qPTH was predictive of operative failure in both patients.CONCLUSION: Forty-six percent of the patients in our study could be operated unilaterally with a total cure rate of 94%. Patients in the unilateral group had a significant shorter operation time and a lower incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia. In conclusion our investigation shows that limited parathyroid exploration can safely be performed on patients with negative sestamibi scintigraphy by the aid of qPTH.
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| 8. |
- Tiwari, Ashutosh, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2016
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Ingår i: <em>Intelligent Nanomaterials, 2nd Edition</em>.. - USA : Wiley-Scrivener. - 9781119242482 ; , s. xvii-xx
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- van Poucke, Enya, et al.
(författare)
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Breed group differences in the unsolvable problem task : herding dogs prefer their owner, while solitary hunting dogs seek stranger proximity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animal Cognition. - : Springer Heidelberg. - 1435-9448 .- 1435-9456. ; 25:3, s. 597-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The communicating skills of dogs are well documented and especially their contact-seeking behaviours towards humans. The aim of this study was to use the unsolvable problem paradigm to investigate differences between breed groups in their contact-seeking behaviours towards their owner and a stranger. Twenty-four dogs of ancient breeds, 58 herding dogs, and 17 solitary hunting dogs were included in the study, and their behaviour when presented with an unsolvable problem task (UPT) was recorded for 3 min. All breed groups interacted with the test apparatus the same amount of time, but the herding dogs showed a longer gaze duration towards their owner compared to the other groups and they also preferred to interact with their owner instead of a stranger. Interestingly, the solitary hunting dogs were more in stranger proximity than the other groups, and they also showed a preference to make contact with a stranger instead of their owner. Hence, we found differences in contact-seeking behaviours, reflecting the dog-human relationship, between breed groups that might not only be related to their genetic similarity to wolves, but also due to the specific breeding history of the dogs.
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| 10. |
- Vanhée, Loïs, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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Viewpoint : ethical by designer - how to grow ethical designers of artificial intelligence
- 2022
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Ingår i: The journal of artificial intelligence research. - : AI Access Foundation. - 1076-9757 .- 1943-5037. ; 73, s. 619-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethical concerns regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology have fueled discussions around the ethics training received by AI designers. We claim that training designers for ethical behaviour, understood as habitual application of ethical principles in any situation, can make a significant difference in the practice of research, development, and application of AI systems. Building on interdisciplinary knowledge and practical experience from computer science, moral psychology and development, and pedagogy, we propose a functional way to provide this training.
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