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- Almroth, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Serum immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses in patients with glomerulonephritis
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 225:1, s. 3-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and of the four subclasses of IgG were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 103 patients, mean age 42 (range 16–72), with various types of glomerulonephritis. Forty-nine healthy blood donors, mean age 41 years (range 19–65), served as controls. Kidney biopsies were obtained from all the patients for examination by histopathology and by immunofluorescence. The glomerulopathies were classified according to WHO criteria.The serum immunoglobulin patterns were different for the various clinical groups of patients. Patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and SLE had a significant increase in total IgG and of IgG4 (P < 0.05–0.001). Patients with minimal change disease had low concentrations of IgG (P < 0.001) with a significant decrease in IgG1 and IgG2 (P < 0.001 and 0.01. respectively). Highly significant increases in IgA were noted for patients with IgA nephritis (P < 0.001) but high levels were also seen in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. The findings might have diagnostic implications.
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| 3. |
- Gabriel, B. L., et al.
(författare)
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Site-specific adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP12) in Ti-Al-V metal systems
- 1994
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0142-9612 .- 1878-5905. ; 15:8, s. 628-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus epidermidis (RP12) adhesion patterns were studied on the following titanium (Ti)-aluminium (Al)-vanadium (V) metal systems: (i) microfabricated samples consisting of Ti, Al and V islands deposited onto Ti or V substrata, (ii) pure Ti, Al and V metals, and (iii) medical grade Ti6Al4-V alloy. All of these surfaces were covered with their respective oxides formed upon exposure of the metals to air. Quantitative analysis of the number of cells bound per unit area indicates that S. epidermidis (RP12) exhibits greatest adhesion to pure V surfaces. When exposed to surfaces having controlled spatial variations in chemical composition on the 10 mu m scale (microfabricated samples), the bacteria preferentially populate V islands versus Ti or Al substrata. In the case of the biphasic Ti6Al4V alloy, the bacteria tend to adhere to V-rich, mixed phase regions and phase boundaries. These findings demonstrate that enhanced and preferential adhesion of S. epidermidis (RP12) occurs on V surfaces in TI-Al-V metal systems and suggest that bacterial interactions are influenced by surface oxide composition.
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| 4. |
- Oxenstierna, Gabriel C, 1955-
(författare)
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Market power in the Swedish banking oligopoly : a game-theoretic model of competition applied to the five big Swedish banks 1989-97
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims at assessing the degree of competition among the five dominating Swedish banks during the period 1989-1997. In so doing, it also aims to develop a general oligopoly model with the specific purpose of providing a tool for an improved methodology for the evaluation of market power in oligopolistic markets, and to demonstrate the empirical application of this methodology.In the first of the three essays, An Asymmetric Oligopoly Model and a Method for Its Empirical Application, a general oligopoly model is developed that is suitable for empirical research where the data set contains firm-level data on prices, quantities and costs. This model makes it possible to gauge empirically observed prices to a range of game-theoretic equilibrium prices that are analytically deducted. It also allows for precise calculations of welfare effects from non-competitive pricing.In the second essay, Do Swedish Banks Enjoy Economies of Scale or Economies of Scope?, the extent of production economies on the cost side in the five big Swedish banks are investigated. This essay complements the empirical study of Swedish banking by, inter alia, estimating a cost function that includes not only operating costs, but also opportunity costs of equity capital. Results imply small dis-economies of scope between deposits and loans for the banks, as well as slightly negative economies of scale.In the third essay, Testing for Market Power in the Swedish Banking Oligopoly, the model in the first essay is developed into a banking context, allowing for the inherent multi-product characteristic in that industry. In the empirical part, results show that there was significant market power in both the loan market and the deposit market, although with a strongly time-varying pattern. The overall picture of conduct, is that pricing policies were less competitive in the deposit market. The economic cost level consitutes a bottom level for pricing in the loan market and attempts to establish higher spreads are not sustainable in the long run. Finally, welfare losses to the society from non-competitive pricing of loans and deposits are calculated to be ca 1.1% of GDP as a yearly average during the sampling period. The combined results of the empirical analyses in the second and third essays, indicate that there are no cost-side arguments for the many mergers and acquisitions that have taken place in the industry proper, and that small, specialised banking institutions might be competitively viable.
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