| 1. |
- Ismail, M, et al.
(författare)
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Levels and Potential Health Hazards of Chlorinated Pesticidesin Surface Water Samples of Charsadda Area of Pakistan Using SPME-GC-ECD Technique
- 2021
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Ingår i: Water S.A.. - : MDPI. - 0378-4738 .- 1816-7950. ; 13, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we determined the levels of chlorinated pesticide residues in surfacewater samples collected from the Charsadda district (KPK, Pakistan). SPME-GC-ECD with COMBIPAL CTC autosampler was used for extraction and analysis of 20 organochlorine pesticides in thecollected water samples. For maximum efficiency of the SPME procedure, several parameters werestudied, including the extraction and desorption time of the fiber, solution pH, agitation of samples,and stirring speed, etc. This method showed good liner response, with R2 values in the range of0.9887 to 0.9999 for all pesticides. This method also provided good percent recoveries at 1 µg L−1(87.5to 106.0%) and at 2 µg L−1(88.5 to 109.2%). Lower limits of detection for all 20 chlorinated pesticideswere found to be lower than their maximum permissible contamination levels. Approximately 50%of the surface water samples collected from the Charsadda district were found to be contaminatedwith the pesticides γ-BHC, heptachlor, aldrin and dieldrin, with maximum concentrations of 0.023,0.108, 0.014 and 0.013 µg L−1, respectively. For adults and children, the cancer risk from water dueto contamination by various pesticides ranged from 0 to 33.29 × 10−6. The non-carcinogenic riskfrom each pollutant in the water samples of the Charsadda district was found to be in the order ofheptachlor > aldrin > dieldrin > γ-BHC. However, the pesticides α-BHC, β-BHC, heptachlor epoxide,chlordane, endrin, 4,40-DDD, endrin ketone, 4,40-DDT, endosulfan sulfate and methoxychlor werenot detected in any of the surface water samples of investigated in the present study.
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| 2. |
- Rudovica, Vita, et al.
(författare)
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Valorization of Marine Waste : Use of Industrial By-Products and Beach Wrack Towards the Production of High Added-Value Products
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass is defined as organic matter from living organisms represented in all kingdoms. It is recognized to be an excellent source of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids and, as such, embodies a tailored feedstock for new products and processes to apply in green industries. The industrial processes focused on the valorization of terrestrial biomass are well established, but marine sources still represent an untapped resource. Oceans and seas occupy over 70% of the Earth's surface and are used intensively in worldwide economies through the fishery industry, as logistical routes, for mining ores and exploitation of fossil fuels, among others. All these activities produce waste. The other source of unused biomass derives from the beach wrack or washed-ashore organic material, especially in highly eutrophicated marine ecosystems. The development of high-added-value products from these side streams has been given priority in recent years due to the detection of a broad range of biopolymers, multiple nutrients and functional compounds that could find applications for human consumption or use in livestock/pet food, pharmaceutical and other industries. This review comprises a broad thematic approach in marine waste valorization, addressing the main achievements in marine biotechnology for advancing the circular economy, ranging from bioremediation applications for pollution treatment to energy and valorization for biomedical applications. It also includes a broad overview of the valorization of side streams in three selected case study areas: Norway, Scotland, and the Baltic Sea.
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